基于景观基因理论的红色旅游资源三维数字化呈现——以清水塘毛泽东杨开慧故居为例

Three-dimensional Digital Presentation of Red Tourism Resources based on Landscape Gene Theory:Taking the Former Residence of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui in Qingshuitang as an Example

发展红色旅游,挖掘与传承红色基因一直是学术界研究的重点。红色旅游数字化是解决红色旅游资源保护与红色文化传承的重要手段,一方面可以实现红色文化遗产的数字化保护,另一方面使红色文化充满活性、具有活力、实现活化。文章基于景观基因理论,以清水塘毛泽东杨开慧故居为例,对红色旅游资源的景观基因从布局特征、环境特征、文化特征和建筑特征4个维度进行基因提取,然后对红色旅游资源数字化呈现技术实现路径进行研究,从数字化建模,数字化传播,数据与文化基因的检验、修正与反馈3个方面来探寻其三维数字化呈现方式,为红色旅游资源的数字化保护与呈现提供理论支撑及应用实践。

The development of red tourism and the associated concept of red genes has been a focus of academic research.Red tourism refers to tourism centered on sites that are important in the communist revolutions that occurred in countries such as China and Russia,while red genes refers to the political and historical culture and spirit of the communist movement.The digitization of red tourism is an important way to protect red tourist resources and pass on red culture.On one hand,this technique can realize the digital presentation and protection of red cultural heritage,which has unique advantages in relation to timeliness,integrity,functionality,and application.On the other hand,it can also revitalize and reactivate red culture.Combining landscape gene theory and information technology can enhance the identification index system,extraction method and technical processes of digital red tourism and achieve a quantitative analysis and model of the cultural landscape and of cultural genes.On the basis of the landscape gene theory,this study carried out an in-depth exploration of red tourism resources.We selected the former residence of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui in Qingshuitang,which is a valuable target for three-dimensional(3D)digital presentation from many aspects,including the needs of consumers,landscape type,value,form,and the application conditions of digital technology.Firstly,the landscape genes of the former residence of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui in Qingshuitang were identified from four dimensions:layout characteristics,environmental characteristics,cultural characteristics,and architectural characteristics.The typical landscape genes were extracted,and then the 3D digital presentation was created using the technical means identified below.It was important that the extracted features of the former residence of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui in Qingshuitang were accurately grasped and presented objectively and truthfully in the process of digitization,and that the landscape genes were identified,recognized,and implemented.The technical means for the digital presentation of red tourism resources include:digital collection;effective data screening and gene extraction;digital modeling and imaging;digital dissemination;data and cultural inspection;correction and feedback;and finally,the digital tourist experience.During this process,substantial feedback is received and there are constant corrections to the data and culture.The 3D realization of the digital tourism experience uses a number of digital technologies such as 3D laser scanning,UAV photography,3D visualization and 3D dynamic simulation to achieve a realistic 3D digital representation.This representation provides theoretical support and application examples for the digital protection and presentation of other red tourism resources.Through the use of digital technology,we were able to faithfully reconstruct the cultural heritage of this key site.The landscape gene theory provided a basis for the reconstruction of the revolutionary environment,which is an important way to promote the inheritance of red cultural genes.The application of landscape gene theory plays a key guiding role in the application and presentation of red cultural tourism resources,which are in physical forms,in the virtual world.The educational,technological,entertainment,and experiential nature of the digitized red tourism products enriched red education,as well as expanded the space and time for such learning.