地震导向钻井技术的国际发展现状及发展建议

International development status and domestic development suggestions of seismic guided drilling technology

地震导向钻井技术对于物探技术精细化发展至关重要,这项技术旨在高效利用钻头前的地震数据,从而减少钻探风险,提高经济效益.目前此项技术仍处于发展中期阶段,现阶段的两种主要思路是地震信号于地表或海面激发,钻柱中检波器接收(随钻VSP),以及钻头振动作为井下震源,钻杆或地表接收.两种方法各有利弊,随钻VSP技术应用成熟,但工作成本高,且时效性不足,按现行思路已很难继续获得大的突破.且通过传统VSP与配套实时高效处理技术相结合也可以达到同等效果且成本更低.钻头随钻地震技术在工作原理上具有很大优势,不仅可以采集到更加及时且丰富的信息,而且更环保和高效,但这种方法在实际应用中却存在很多困难.目前两种方法在未来发展规划中如何取舍仍存在较大争议,本次研究针对近十年相关领域的技术进展,对两种现有研究思路的发展现状及潜力进行了全面分析,并针对国内发展地震导向钻井技术的发展思路提出了多方面的建议.

Seismic guided drilling technology is very important for the development of geophysical technology.The purpose of this technology is to make efficient use of the seismic data in front of the bit,so as to reduce drilling risks and improve economic benefits.At present,this technology is still in the middle stage of development.There are two main ideas,one of them is seismic signal is inspired on the surface or sea surface,geophone received the signal on drill string(VSP while drilling),the other idea is using bit vibration as downhole source,geophone received the signal on drill pipe or surface.The application of VSP while drilling technology is mature now,but the cost is high and the timeliness is insufficient.It is difficult to promote this technology according to the existing ideas.The combination of traditional VSP technology and efficient processing technology can also achieve timely and effective advantages.It can not only collect more timely and rich seismic information,but also be more environmentally friendly.But this technology has many difficulties in practical production and application.There is still a big controversy about how to choose between the two technologies in the future development.In this study,the development status and potential of the two existing research ideas are comprehensively analyzed according to the technical progress in related fields in recent ten years.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the development of seismic guided drilling technology in China.