基于峭度系数约束的海洋资料鬼波压制方法

Ghost suppression method based on kurtosis coefficient constraints for marine seismic data

海洋拖缆地震采集中,鬼波作为一种特殊的噪声,由于海水自由表面产生,影响地震资料成像分辨率及精度.受采集环境等因素影响,海水表面存在起伏,鬼波延迟时间难以精确计算,鬼波及其陷波现象难以得到有效消除.基于峭度系数约束的海洋地震数据鬼波压制方法通过对鬼波延迟时间进行搜索,自适应精确估计最优鬼波延迟时间,最大消除粗糙海水面对鬼波压制的影响,实现海洋拖缆数据鬼波压制.模拟资料和实际数据处理结果表明,该方法稳定性好,在有效去除鬼波能量的同时拓宽地震资料的频带,有利于后续资料的处理解释.

In the Marine seismic acquisition,the ghost is generated by the free sea surface,as a special noise,it has a great impact on seismic imaging resolution and accuracy.Due to the influence of the acquisition environment and misestimate of sea surface reflection,it is difficult to accurately calculate the ghost time delay effectively eliminate the ghost energy.To acquire broad-band data,a ghost suppression method based on kurtosis coefficient constraints is proposed.The optimal ghost time delay can be estimated accurately and adaptively,the effect of ghost suppression in rough sea water can be eliminated to the greatest extent,and ghost suppression of ocean towing cable data can be realized.The results of simulated data and actual data processing show that the method is stable,it can effectively remove the ghost wave energy and broaden the frequency band of seismic data,especially the notch frequency component is broadened,which is beneficial to the processing and interpretation of subsequent data.