某市妇幼保健院272份药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of 272 Adverse Drug Reaction Reports in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital

目的 分析药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点及规律,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 采用回顾性分析,对遵义市妇幼保健院2019年上报至国家ADR监测中心的272份ADR报告进行整理、统计及分析。结果 272例发生ADR患者中,新的ADR有23例(占8.46%),严重的有4例(占1.47%)。女195例(71.69%),男77例(28.31%);19~44岁年龄段发生率最多(34.56%)。给药途径分布中静脉滴注ADR发生率最高,达67.28%。ADR发生率品种最高的为抗感染药物,达39.71%,其次为中成药(17.65%)、妇产科用药(8.82%)和血液系统用药(6.62%)。累及器官/系统损害主要表现为皮肤及附件损害,达157例。67例存在超药品说明书给药,主要为超适应人群和超适应证。结论 ADR的发生与多种因素相关,医务人员应重视ADR监测,尤其是重点关注儿童用药、静脉滴注给药、抗感染药物及超药品说明书引起的ADR,药师应加强ADR相关培训和ADR数据分析,及时反馈临床,以促进临床合理用药,降低ADR发生风险,从而保障患者用药安全。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reaction(ADR),and to provide some reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods By retrospective analysis,272 ADR reports submitted by Zunyi maternal and child health care hospital to the national ADR monitoring center in 2019 were sorted,counted and analyzed.Results Among 272 patients with ADR,23(8.46%) had new ADR and 4(1.47%) had severe ADR.195(71.69%) were females and 77(28.31%) were male.The incidence rate was the highest among 19~44 years old(34.56%).The principal administration was intravenous infusion,up to 67.28%.The incidence of anti-infective drugs was the highest,up to 39.71%,followed by the Chinese medicines(17.65%),obstetrics and gynecology drugs(8.82%) and blood system drugs(6.62%).The most involved organs were the skin system and its related accessories with a total of 157 cases.Off-label administration was noted in 67 cases,mainly in the areas of over-adapted population and off-indication.Conclusion ADR was related with many factors.The medical staff should pay attention to ADR monitoring,especially focus on children’s drugs.In order to ensure the safety of medication,pharmacists should strengthen the ADR related training and data analysis.