交往异化:赫斯的铺陈与马克思的至臻

Communication Alienation:Hess’s Presentation and Marx’s Perfection

异化理论的形成与展开体现了马克思把握现实的思想与方法的重要转变。《第一手稿》时期,马克思在对劳动异化的批判中产生了“孤立人”逻辑的背离。赫斯率先将费尔巴哈人本学的异化思想运用于经济与社会领域,以表征作为交往的货币异化观念,作出了突破“孤立人”逻辑的尝试。受赫斯的影响,马克思以“交往异化”补充了“劳动异化”,借助交往将“类”与社会关系相勾连,在异化批判的着眼点上发生了重大转变,并就交往表现、来源与前提进行分析,在对市民社会认知的“合题”中实现了对赫斯的超越。在形成交往异化转向过程中马克思形成了从“表相”到“本相”再到“真相”逐层递进的把握现实的方式,为我们推进历史唯物主义当代化发展提供了重要的方法论启示。

The formation and development of the theory of alienation embodies an important change in Marx’s thinking and methods of grasping reality.During the First Manuscript period,Marx produced a logical departure from the“isolated man”in his criticism of labor alienation.Hess took the lead in applying Feuerbach’s humanistic alienation thought to the economic and social fields,using representation as the concept of currency alienation in communication,and made an attempt to break through the logic of“isolating people”.Affected by Hess,Marx supplemented“labor alienation”with“communication alienation”,linked“kines”with social relations through communication,made a major change in the perspective of criticism of alienation,and discussed the performance and source of communication.Analyzing the premise and realizing the transcendence of Hess in the“combination”of the cognition of civil society.In the process of forming the transformation of communication and alienation,Marx formed a progressive way of grasping reality from“appearance”to“truth”to“truth”,which provides us with important methodological enlightenment for us to promote the contemporary development of historical materialism.