在《讲话》与“讲话”种种之间——也说赵树理与《讲话》的貌合神离

Between“Talks”and Other“Speeches”:On the Delusive Consistency between Zhao Shuli and Mao’s“Talks”

赵树理与毛泽东《讲话》的貌合神离之说虽早已有之,但所论往往失之简单。实际上,在《讲话》批准了他的写作之路后,赵树理对于《讲话》就一直处在深度落实之中,以至于他对《讲话》都有了过度反应——不想写和写不出。但是,如果追溯其越写越少和“旧的多新的少”的根本原因,我们就会发现赵树理虽然对于原汁原味的《讲话》理解到位,却对毛泽东在建国之后的种种“讲话”反应迟钝,尤其是对毛泽东所要求的写什么(创造新英雄人物)和怎么写(革命现实主义与革命浪漫主义相结合)读解乏力,落实无方。结果,赵树理在《讲话》与其他种种“讲话”之间进退失据,左支右绌,最终成了社会主义文学的落伍者。

The claim that Zhao Shuli and Mao Zedong’s“Talks”are seemingly in harmony but actually at variance has been made for a long time.However,the arguments have not been fully discussed yet.In fact,after“Talks”approved his writing path,Zhao has undertaken the implementation of“Talks”so deeply that he has indeed overreacted to it—not wanting to write and not being able to write.When tracing down the root cause of his writing less and less and“more of the old characters and less of the new characters,”we will find that while Zhao understood the original“Talks”thoroughly,he was slow to respond to Mao’s other“speeches”related to“Talks”after the founding of the new country,especially to Mao’s demands for what to write(creating new heroic characters)and how to write(combining revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism),both of which are poorly comprehended and implemented by Zhao.Being stuck and lost between“Talks”and other“speeches”,Zhao eventually became a laggard of socialist literature.