元日战争和日本中世文学中的中国形象

The Yuan-Japanese War and the Chinese Image in Japanese Literature in the Middle Ages

虽然元日战争在我国的对外关系史中占的比重并不十分大,但却对日本产生了巨大的影响,成为日本文学中中国形象转变的重要契机。日本中世文学通过对神国的建构将对元军的恐怖转变为对元军的蔑视,在仰慕中国文化的同时也开始以平视的姿态重新审视中国文化。日本中世文学对作为中国文化象征的白居易、杨贵妃形象作了重构,将汉诗与和歌、元军与住吉明神、唐玄宗与热田明神进行比较,完成了“异域—本土”双向建构,从而试图确立日本文化的独特性和优越性。

Although the Yuan-Japanese War did not account for a very large proportion in the history of China’s foreign relations,it had a huge impact on Japan and became an important opportunity for the transformation of the image of China in Japanese literature.Japanese literature in the Middle Ages transformed the horror of the Yuan Army into contempt for the Yuan Army through the construction of the kingdom of God.While admiring Chinese culture,it also began to re-examine Chinese culture with a straight-up attitude.The images of Bai Juyi and Yang Guifei,which are symbols of Chinese culture,were reconstructed in Japanese literature of the Middle Ages.The“foreign-local”construction of identity was completed by comparing Chinese poetry with waka,Yuanjun and Sumiyoshi Myojin,and Tang Xuanzong and Atsuta Myojin,so as to try to establish the uniqueness and superiority of Japanese culture.