第三次分配:儒道佛思想渊源及融通

The Third Distribution: The Origin and Integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism

第三次分配攸关共同富裕的新时代使命,决定着我国第二个百年奋斗目标的实现。现有相关研究缺乏系统性的理论框架和对中国文化的关注。对此,文章基于性善论、忠恕思想和等差之爱构建了第三次分配的儒家思想理论架构;基于天道均平观、德性观、周穷救急观和善恶报应观构建了第三次分配的道家思想理论架构;基于缘起观、慈悲观和因果业报观构建了第三次分配的佛家思想理论架构。在此基础上,围绕异同之辩与是非高下之争,阐明了儒道佛在“劝善”“乐善”功效上的同归和“行善”方式上的殊途。研究揭示了第三次分配中可采取的最优战略:既能够秉承非人类中心主义和普世主义的平等、包容,又具有当仁不让的主体意识和脚踏实地的现实路径。文章试图构建本土化的分配理论,提出等差之爱与平等之爱的对比矩阵,对儒道佛思想进行历史延续与时代更新。

The third distribution has a direct impact on high-quality economic development, political stability, social equity and justice, as well as ethical public order and good customs. It is vital to the mission of common prosperity for all people in the new era, and determines the realization of China’s second Centenary goal. The current distribution theories are mainly constructed for the primary distribution and redistribution, and lack a systematic theoretical framework for the third distribution. Learning from Chinese traditional culture can not only help to construct the localized distribution theory as well as provide support and guidance for the policy practice of China’s third distribution, but also provide Chinese theories and schemes for the worldwide distribution problems.In this regard, firstly, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of Confucianism of the third distribution based on the theory of goodness of nature, loyalty and forgiveness, and equaldifference love. Secondly, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of Taoist of the third distribution based on the view of equalization of natural law, the view of virtue, the view of relief for the poor and those in urgent need as well as the view of good and evil retribution. Thirdly,this paper constructs the theoretical framework of Buddhism of the third distribution based on the view of origin, benevolence, and karma. On this basis, it integrates the three thoughts around the debates of similarities and differences, right or wrong, superiority or inferiority. In this process, the comparison matrix of equal-difference love and equal love is put forward.The research results illustrate the common goal of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the efficacy of “persuading goodness” and “enjoying goodness”, as well as their different ways of“doing goodness”. The optimal strategy that can be adopted in the third distribution is not only to uphold the equality and inclusiveness of non-anthropocentrism and universalism, but also to have a subjective consciousness of responsibility and a down-to-earth realistic path.Drawing upon the culture of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, this paper constructs a localized distribution theory, which responds to the call of “writing papers on the motherland” of Xi Jinping. Meanwhile, we carry out the historical continuation and renovation of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism, which not only helps to inherit the excellent traditional culture, but also surpasses the traditional culture. The study makes the following suggestions: Firstly, we should carry forward the educational role of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in “persuading goodness” to shape the cultural climate of “being inclined to goodness” for everyone, further forming the moral textbooks of the third distribution. Secondly, based on the thought of“enjoying goodness” of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, we should abandon the narrow thinking of the binary opposition between economic value and social value in Western neoclassical economics. Thirdly, we should follow the thought of “shouldering responsibility” in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism to carry out non-anthropocentrism and universalism in the way of “doing goodness”.