高考加分政策的变迁历程、演进逻辑与路径优化--基于历史制度主义视角

Evolution Process,Evolution Logic and Path Optimization of Mark Adding Policy of College Entrance Examination--From the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

高考加分政策作为我国高等学校招生考试制度的重要组成部分,在科学选拔特殊人才、提升弱势群体教育水平和维护教育公平与正义方面发挥着积极作用。从历史制度主义视野来看,高考加分政策自制定以来历经了初步探索、制度恢复、稳定发展、调整过渡和深化改革等五个阶段,其调整变迁的动力来自中央与地方政府间、高校与高中学校及考生等利益相关者的权力博弈,且呈现出从集权管理模式向分权治理模式转变的趋势。未来,高考加分政策可采取以下措施:从规范角度完善高考加分政策,提升政策治理能力;正视利益群体间博弈,增加弱势群体话语权;健全相关考试法律法规,强化政策执行监管效力。

The mark adding policy is an important part of college entrance examination system of our country.It plays an active role in scientifically selecting students with special talents,improving the educational level of the vulnerable and safeguarding a fair and just education From the perspective of historical institutionalism,the mark adding policy,since its setup,has gone through five stages:initial exploitation,restoration of system,steady development,adjustment and transition,and deepening reform.The drive for its evolution comes from the power struggle between the central government and the local governments,and among the colleges,high schools,students and other stakeholders.Now it has inspired a trend from centralized management to decentralized management.Inthe future,the following measures can be taken in the mark adding policy:making the policy more perfect by setting up standards to improve the policy governance ability taking the struggle among different interest groups to give more right of speech to the vulnerable,and improving the laws and regulations of relevant examinations to enhance the enforcement and supervision of policies.