英国现代学徒制建构的关键:企业的有效参与

The Key to the Construction of Modern Apprenticeship in UK:the Effective Participation of Enterprises

英国政府在一系列法律和制度中,确保了企业开展现代学徒制时的“驾驶员”身份,要求企业充分发挥主导作用以及政府始终将企业视为最重要的资金支持对象的做法,使得雇主获得了制定学徒制资格、主导学徒制测试、主导学徒制项目、“购买”学徒制决定权和主导学徒资格标准等主导英国现代学徒制的权力。但企业主导英国现代学徒制也存在着完全由雇主主导的市场机制窄化了英国现代学徒制的覆盖面、资金控制和经费分配难以调动企业参加学徒制的积极性、多重障碍导致中小企业难以有效参加现代学徒制、企业参与现代学徒制培训的积极性横向相比仍有待提高等不足。企业主导现代学徒制的作用将更加凸显、日益重视现代学徒制培训质量、招生对象将逐渐面向全体社会公众和系统建构中小企业参加的政策制度等将是企业主导的英国现代学徒制未来的发展态势。

In a series of laws and systems,the British government has ensured the "driver" status of enterprises when carrying out modern apprenticeship,requires that enterprises should give full play to the leading role,and always regards enterprises as the most important object of financial support so that employers have obtained the powers to dominate the modern apprenticeship system in UK,such as establishing apprenticeship qualification,leading apprenticeship test,leading apprenticeship project,decision-making power to “buy”the apprenticeship and dominating apprenticeship qualification standard. However,the modern apprenticeship system in UK dominated by enterprises also has deficiencies,such as the market mechanism dominated by employers which narrows the coverage of the modern apprenticeship system in the UK,the difficulty in capital control and fund distribution to mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the apprenticeship system,multiple obstacles that make it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to effectively participate in the modern apprenticeship system,and the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the training of modern apprenticeship system still to be improved compared with the horizontal. The role of enterprise-led modern apprenticeship will be more prominent,more and more attention will be paid to the training quality of modern apprenticeship,the enrollment objects will be gradually oriented to the public and the policy system for the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises will be systematically constructed,which will be the future development trend of enterprise-led British modern apprenticeship.