性腺组织驻留巨噬细胞的研究进展

Research progress of gonad tissue-resident macrophages

组织驻留巨噬细胞(tissue-resident macrophages, TRMs)是一类存在于人体绝大多数组织器官、独立于外周循环且具有一定自我更新能力的固有免疫细胞。它们具有高度异质性, 在不同组织具有不同的起源、表型和功能。睾丸和卵巢作为机体的重要生殖器官, 其内具有复杂的生殖-内分泌-免疫调控网络。TRMs可与性腺组织多种细胞相互作用, 性腺组织特异性微环境赋予TRMs独特的区域免疫特性与功能重塑;同时, TRMs也可参与调控性腺微环境稳态、配子发生发育及性激素合成等。本文综述了睾丸和卵巢中TRMs的起源、表型、极化、亚群分类等区域免疫特性, 并探讨其在维持性腺组织稳态和调控生殖内分泌功能中的重要作用。

Tissue-resident macrophages(TRMs)are innate immune cells located in most tissues and organs of the human body,and are independent of peripheral circulation and capable of self-renewal.They are highly heterogeneous,with different origins,phenotypes,and functions in different tissues.As the important reproductive organs in human,the testis and ovary contain a highly complicated reproductive-endocrine-immune regulatory network.TRMs can interact with a variety of cells in the gonadal tissue.The gonad-specific microenvironment could confer the tissue-specific regional immune identities and functional remodeling to TRMs.Meanwhile,the TRMs are adapted to maintain gonad homeostasis and regulate gametes development and steroidogenesis.In this review,we reviewed the origin,phenotype,polarization,subgroup classification,and other regional immune characteristics of TRMs in testis and ovary,and discussed the important role of TRMs in maintaining gonadal tissue homeostasis and regulating reproductive endocrine function.