卵巢功能不全动物模型的研究进展

Research progress on animal models for the premature ovarian insufficiency

卵巢功能不全(premature ovarian insufficiency, POI)是指女性在40岁前卵巢功能衰退的临床综合征, 以月经紊乱(如停经或月经稀发)伴有高促性腺激素和低雌激素为特征。虽已知的POI病因有卵巢手术、化疗、放疗以及染色体异常或环境因素, 但其发病机制尚未完全明确。目前POI动物模型种类较多主要包含两大类即啮齿类POI模型以及非啮齿类POI模型, 啮齿类POI模型中小鼠POI模型种类最多, 制备方法完善, 最常用于POI的相关研究;大鼠的POI模型相较于小鼠POI模型使用频率低, 但对于POI的研究来说仍具有不可代替的价值。非啮齿类POI模型(兔、猪和非人灵长类等)卵巢形态及各阶段卵母细胞观察较容易, 其中非人灵长类POI模型与人类最为相似, 但由于实验成本高及饲养条件严格, 目前对于非啮齿类POI模型研究仍然较少, 需进一步深入研究从而建立完整的模型制备体系。本文拟对POI的动物模型进行综述, 为POI分子机制研究及新型诊疗措施提供参考。

Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a cause of infertility in women.It is characterized by menstrual disorders(such as menopause or sparse menstruation)with high gonadotropins and low estrogen levels in women younger than 40 years of age.Although some factors including ovarian surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,chromosomal abnormalities or environmental have been reported to be involved in the development of POI,the underlying cause is not identified in the majority of cases.At present,there are mainly two kinds of POI animal models:rodent POI model and non-rodent POI model.Mouse POI model in rodent POI model has the most variety and mature method,and is most commonly used in POI related researches.Rat POI model is used less than mouse POI model,but it still has irreplaceable value for POI research.The ovarian morphology and oocytes of non-rodent POI model(rabbit,pig and non-human primate,etc.)can be easily observed,among which the non-human primate POI model is the most similar to human.However,due to the high experimental cost and strict feeding conditions,there is still little research on non-rodent POI model.Further research is needed to establish a complete model establishment system.This review summarized the established animal models for the POI which provides valuable information regarding the selection of suitable animal model for the research in the pathogenesis of POI.