作为沟通的写作——通识语境下大学写作课的建设与思考

Writing as Communication:How to Build up Theory for College General Writing Courses

清华大学自2020年秋季学期开始,将“写作与沟通”课设为所有大一新生的必修通识基础课。从剖析大学通识教育的普遍困境出发,引入哈贝马斯相关理论及其对于大学理念的阐发,试图回答清华大学设置“写作与沟通”课程的深意。清华大学“写作与沟通”课程中的“沟通”,可被理解为哈贝马斯意义上的“交往”,是促使大学回归生活世界、重建人的交往理性的一种有益尝试,而“写作”可被理解为“作为沟通的写作”,通过强化兴趣导向、促进对话意识、激发论证精神,“写作与沟通”课程试图将大一学生从高考应试型和论文内卷型的写作中带离,让他们重新认识写作作为一种思维表达方式和人与人交往方式的魅力,培育和促进人的自我同一性和主体间性,从而回应马克思主义的教育目的论——促进和实现人的全面发展。

Tsinghua University has made“the Writing and Communication Course”a required general studies course for all students starting in the fall semester of 2020.This study examined the general difficulty of university general education and introduced Habermas’ theory and its interpretation of university philosophy in an attempt to answer the question of the meaning of“the Writing and Communication Course”at Tsinghua University.This study argued that“communication”in Tsinghua University’s“the Writing and Communication Course”could be viewed as“interaction”in Habermas’ sense,which was a helpful endeavor to reconnect the university with the real world and re-establish the rationality of human interaction.Writing could be interpreted as communication through writing.“The Writing and Communication Course”was also a beneficial endeavor to bring freshman students back to the living world and reconstruct the rationality of human connection by strengthening interest orientation,promoting conversation awareness,and encouraging the spirit of argument.“The Writing and Communication Course”aimed to move freshman students away from exam-based and essay-based writing and reacquaint them with the allure of writing as a way of thinking,expression,and human interaction,cultivating and promoting human self-sameness and intersubjectivity,and thus,in response to Marxist educational teleology,which promotes and realizes human growth on all levels.