有机无机肥配施对日光温室番茄连作土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Microorganisms in Continuous Cropping in Solar Greenhouse

【目的】为解决日光温室番茄连作障碍,必须弄清有机无机肥配施对番茄连作土壤微生物的影响。【方法】试验共设置6个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、20%有机肥+80%化肥(M20C80)、40%有机肥+60%化肥(M40C60)、60%有机肥+40%化肥(M60C40)、80%有机肥+20%化肥(M80C20)、100%有机肥+0%化肥(M100)。测定了连作土壤理化性质、细菌和真菌的微生物群落结构、物种组成和丰度等相关指标。【结果】M40C60处理使连作土壤孔隙度在54.38%~55.61%,pH维持在7.19~7.22,有机质和速效钾含量分别维持在49.70~59.21 g kg-1和536.1~605.5mg kg-1的中等水平,速效磷含量则维持在680.4~783.0 mg kg-1的高水平。增施有机肥,可以改善土壤微生物群落组成,分别提高芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、土胞杆菌(Terrisporbacter)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)以及头束霉菌(Cephalotrichum)等有益菌群落相对丰度0.86%、0.60%、0.12%和47.82%,降低变形菌(Proteobacteria)酸杆菌(Acidobacteriota)等有害菌群落相对丰度3.47%和1.74%。【结论】增施有机肥改善番茄连作土壤的基础理化性质,保持土壤中的养分含量。同时有益于微生物群落演替,维持或提高有益菌群的丰度,抑制或降低有害菌群的丰度,使连作土壤维持在一个较稳定的微生物群落结构。减少番茄连作土壤病害的发生,维持良好的土壤状态。

[Objective] In order to solve the obstacles of tomato continuous cropping in solar greenhouse, the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microorganisms of tomato continuous cropping were studied. [Method] Six treatments were set up: no fertilization(CK), 20% organic fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer(M20C80), 40% organic fertilizer + 60% chemical fertilizer(M40C60), 60% organic fertilizer + 40%chemical fertilizer(M60C40), 80% organic fertilizer + 20% chemical fertilizer(M80C20),100% organic fertilizer +0% chemical fertilizer(M100). The physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial community structure, species composition and abundance of bacteria and fungi were measured. [Results] The results showed that M40C60maintained the soil porosity at 54.38%-55.61%, pH at 7.19-7.22, the contents of organic matter and available potassium at 49.70-59.21 g kg-1 and 536.08-605.49 mg kg-1, respectively, and the content of available phosphorus at680.41-782.96 mg kg-1. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer improved the composition of soil microbial community, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial communities, such as Bacillus,Terrisporbacter, Streptomyces and Cephalotrichum by 0.86%, 0.60%, 0.12% and 47.82%, respectively. The relative abundance of harmful bacterial communities such as Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota was reduced by 3.47% and1.74%. [Conclusions] Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is beneficial to improve the soil physical and chemical properties under tomato continuous cropping, to maintain the nutrient contents at the same time. It is beneficial to the succession of microbial community, maintain or improve the abundance of beneficial flora, inhibit or reduce the abundance of harmful flora, maintain the continuous cropping soil in a relatively stable microbial community structure and reduce the occurrence of soil diseases under tomato continuous cropping, maintain good soil condition.