种植密度对全膜双垄沟播玉米子粒灌浆特征、干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Grain Filling Characteristics,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize in the Condition of Whole Field Surface Plastic Mulching and Double Ridge-furrow Planting

以先玉335为试验材料,研究4个密度水平(4.5×10^(4)、5.25×10^(4)、6.0×10^(4)、6.75×10^(4)株/hm^(2))对旱地春玉米形态指标、灌浆特征、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,随密度增加,株高表现为先增大后减小的趋势,处理间无显著差异,地上部分干物质积累量和叶面积指数提高,营养物质向子粒转运的效率降低。不同处理下产量受有效穗数的影响较大,随着密度增大,群体有效穗比例由77.00%降低至69.00%;灌浆速率和灌浆时间共同影响百粒重,密度较低时,子粒最大灌浆速率出现所用天数提前,有助于子粒灌浆过程提前完成;随着密度增加,穗行数和行粒数均表现为增大趋势,百粒重先增大后减小。因此,本试验中种植密度为4.5×10^(4)株/hm2左右时,可以较好地协调玉米群体和个体生长关系之间的矛盾,实现子粒高产和水分高效利用的目标。

Xianyu335 was used as test material to study the effects of four density levels(4.5×10^(4),5.25×10^(4),6.0×10^(4),6.75×10^(4) plants/ha)on the morphological index,grouting,accumulation of dry matter,yield and its influ⁃ence factors of spring maize in dryland.The results showed that the density increased,while’s the plant height in⁃creased first and then decreased subsequently,there was no significant difference between treatments,the dry mat⁃ter accumulation and leaf area index of aboveground parts increased,and the transport efficiency of nutrients to grains decreased significantly also.The yield under different treatments was greatly affected by the effective panicle number.With the increase of density,the effective panicle proportion of the population decreased from 77.00%to 69.00%.When the density was low,the maximum grain filling rate appeared earlier,which was helpful for the grain filling process to be completed in advance.With the increase of density,the number of panicle rows and the number of row grains showed an increasing trend,while the 100-grain weight first increased and then decreased.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,when the planting density was about 4.5×10^(4) plants/ha,there was disparity between maize population and individual growth relationship could be better coordinated,so as to achieve the goals of high grain yield and efficient water utilization.