基于藏医经典古籍《四部医典》的文献传承发展研究

Inheritance and Development of Literature Based on the Classical Tibetan Medicine Book The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine

目的本文从藏医古籍文献整理挖掘《四部医典》注解,为体现藏医药的传承发展、守正创新,为藏药的现代化研究提供参考。方法以《藏医药大典》《藏医药经典文献集成》作为数据来源,经过文献筛选录入Microsoft Excel中,建设8世纪至20世纪的藏医古籍文献数据库,并在数据库的基础上通过文献计量法对《四部医典》注释文献的世纪分布、著作分布以及关键词分布等进行统计分析。结果本文从《四部医典》各部数计量发现,《论述部》和《后续部》的注解最多,分别为34部和22部。从年代来分析发现,传承发展出现两次鼎盛时期,五世达赖喇嘛时期以及新中国成立以后两个时期。从著作分布发现,主要分布于西藏山南、昌都等地区,从对医典的贡献大小分析发现,帝玛尔·丹增彭措及藏曼·益西桑布、钦热诺布的贡献最为突出,影响极其深远。结论本文从文献整理医典的注解注释、疑难札记、秘诀补遗中发现《四部医典》是藏医药学的理论根本、临床依据、必读经典,《四部医典》为主轴的传承发展史即是藏医药传承发展史的高度概括,挖掘《四部医典》注解文献可为学术思想的传承、文化遗产的保护、临床用药经验的积累,以及今后藏医药的守正创新、藏药的现代化研究和新药的开发提供理论指导。

Objective To collate and excavate the annotations of The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine from the ancient Tibetan medicine book literature,to reflect the inheritance,development,integrity and innovation of Tibetan medicine,and to provide reference for the modernization of Tibetan medicine.Methods The Encyclopedia of Tibetan Medicine and Grand Compendium of Tibetan Medicine Classical Literature were used as the data sources.After literature screening and entering into Microsoft Excel,a database of ancient Tibetan medicine book literature from the 8th century to the 20th century was constructed,based on which the century distribution,book distribution and keyword distribution of the annotated literature of The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine were analyzed by bibliometrics.Results From the four parts,the explanatory Treatise(the second part)and the last Treatise(the fourth part)had the most annotations,34 and 22,respectively.From the ages,there were two heydays in the inheritance and development:the period of the fifth Dalai Lama and the period after the founding of People’s Republic of China.From the distribution of works,they were mainly distributed in Shannan,Qamdo and other regions of Tibet.From the contributions to medical books,Dimar Tenzin Phuntsok,Tsangman Yeshe Sampo and Chinre Norbu contributed most and had far-reaching impacts.Conclusion This article found that The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine was the theoretical foundation and clinical basis of Tibetan medicine based on the annotations,notes and supplements from literature,and was a must-read book.The inheritance and development history with The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine as the principal axis highly reflected the inheritance and development history of Tibetan medicine.Excavating the annotated literature of The Four Treatises of Tibetan Medicine provided theoretical guidance for the inheritance of academic ideas,protection of cultural heritage,experience of clinical medicine,future innovation of Tibetan medicine,modernization of Tibetan medicine and development of new medicines.