围填海工程对澳门地区及附近海域水动力影响研究

Hydrodynamic characteristics in Macao and its adjacent waters under the influence of human activities

基于长序列潮位资料,采用调和分析和MK检验方法分析了澳门水域及附近海域历史潮波特性,并建立大范围二维潮流数学模型,以珠澳人工岛及澳门新城A区等大型工程为研究对象,研究人类活动影响下的澳门及附近海域水动力变化特征。研究表明,澳门地区站的年平均高、低潮位在2005—2008年间发生突变,与岸线变化强度的增大存在直接关系;随着澳门围填海强度逐渐减弱,浅水影响系数逐渐减小,涨落潮历时差逐渐减小;1986—2019年间澳门水域潮位变化幅度较小,十字门水道附近涨落潮历时比由1.16增加至1.19,澳门地区水域涨落潮不对称现象由上游向外海逐渐减小。围填海工程导致澳门水道潮量减小,涨落急流速普遍减小,澳门地区新城A区人工岛及珠澳口岸工程附近产生雍水现象,流速亦呈减小趋势;围填海工程使得澳门岸线由曲折变为平缓,使得澳门水域内余流略微减小。

Based on the long series tide level data,the characteristics of historical tide waves in Macao and its adjacent waters are analyzed by harmonic analysis and MK test;a large⁃scale two⁃dimensional tidal current mathematical model is established to study the hydrodynamic variation characteristics of Macao and its adjacent waters under the influence of human activities.The research shows that the annual average high and low tide levels of Macao station suddenly occurred from 2005 to 2008,which is directly related to the intensity of shoreline change at that time;with the gradual weakening of reclamation intensity in Macao,the shallow water influence coefficient decreases,and the time difference of fluctuation tide calendar decreases;from 1986 to 2019,the change range of tide level in Macao waters was small,the duration ratio of fluctuation tide near the cross gate waterway increased from 1.16 to 1.19,and the asymmetry of fluctuation tide in Macao waters gradually decreased from the upstream to the open sea.The reclamation project leads to the decrease of tidal volume,rapid fluctuation and general decrease of flow velocity in Macao waterway.There is Yongshui phenomenon near the artificial island in Area A and the Zhuhai⁃Macao Port project,and the flow velocity also shows a decreasing trend;and the reclamation project has changed the coastline of Macao from tortuous to gentle,and slightly reduced the residual current in Macao waters.