突发性公共卫生事件中的大数据治理:现实困境与路径优化--以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例

Big data governance in the public health emergencies:practical dilemmas and path optimization--Take COVID-19 prevention and control as an example

大数据在突发性公共卫生事件治理中发挥着重要作用,然而其在实际应用中也存在诸多困境。文章以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)防控为例,指出其现实困境主要表现为危机预警意识欠缺、资源应急调配失衡、信息联通共享困难、数据利用程度受限和舆论监管力度不足。针对上述困境,探究了突发性公共卫生事件中大数据治理的优化路径。通过阶段化应对应急管理全过程、多元化扩充医疗云平台数据、网络化整合跨部门跨区域信息、科学化培养大数据管理人才、法制化健全信息监管机制,使得大数据在突发公共卫生事件治理中充分发挥效能,从而维护社会秩序的正常和稳定。

Big data plays an important role in the governance of public health emergencies,however,there are also many dilemmas in its practical application.This paper takes the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia(hereinafter referred to as“COVID-19”)as an example to explore its actual dilemma,which is mainly manifested in the low effectiveness of the crisis early warning mechanism,the unbalanced allocation of emergency resources,difficulties in information connectivity and sharing,limited data utilization and insufficient supervision of public opinion.In view of the above dilemma,it explores the optimization path of big data governance in public health emergencies.Through the phased response to the whole process of emergency management,diversified expansion of medical cloud platform data,network integration of cross-department and cross-regional information,scientific training of big data management talents,and the improvement of the information supervision mechanism by law,which big data will play a full role in the management of public health emergencies,so as to maintain the normal and stable social order.