高超声速飞机尾喷管设计-制造与验证技术发展综述

Technological development in hypersonic nozzle design,manufacture and validation:A review

高超声速飞机是临近空间领域的重要飞行器形式,具有重要的发展意义。尾喷管是其产生推力的主要部件,其性能和可靠性直接影响整机全局。针对高超声速飞机尾喷管技术,梳理涡轮发动机、火箭发动机和冲压发动机的尾喷管分类与技术特点,总结尾喷管工程研制与应用水平以及共性技术的国内外研究现状,并指出高超声速飞机尾喷管结构关键技术,包括优化设计技术、材料与工艺技术和综合验证技术,最后,给出了高超声速飞机尾喷管技术的重要难题以及后续发展建议。

Development of hypersonic aircraft,one of the most important flight vehicles in the near-space domain,is of critical significance.The nozzle is the main part in generating thrust in hypersonic aircraft,with its performance and reliability directly affecting the whole aircraft.Focusing on the hypersonic aircraft nozzle technology,this paper analyzes nozzles of the turbine engine,rocket,and ramjet in their classification and technical features,summarizes the state-of-the-art of the nozzle technology,presenting the key technologies of nozzle structure,include design and optimization,material and manufacturing,and comprehensive validation.Important challenges and development suggestions in the future were finally provided.