高性能航空复合材料结构的关键力学问题研究进展

Fundamental mechanical problems in high-performance aerospace composite structures:State-of-art review

复合材料具备基于多种材料有机融合后所产生的“1+1>2”的优势,是实现航空飞行器结构轻量化、功能化与智能化的有效途径。然而,由于复合材料高各向异性、结构多尺度化等方面的特征,导致设计、制造及表征评价等方面都存在诸多问题与挑战。高性能复合材料结构在航空装备中的发展是一个涉及力学、材料、机械、控制等多学科融合的交叉性问题。本文针对其中涉及的若干关键力学问题,重点围绕近年来国内外在航空复合材料结构力学设计与性能评估、功能化设计以及制造工艺力学等3个方面的研究进展进行了概述,并对未来航空复合材料结构在这3方面的发展趋势进行了展望。

Benefitting from the superiorities brought by the organic fusion of different materials,high-performance composites are considered as an effective approach to achieving light-weight design,multi-functionality and intelligentization of aviation aircraft.However,the high anisotropy and multi-scale structural properties of the composites also produce significant problems and challenges for structural design,fabrication and characterization.The application and development of high-performance composite materials in aircraft is a multi-disciplinary problem involving,material science,mechanical engineering and control technology.Focusing on several related fundamental mechanical problems,this paper mainly presents a critical review on the recent research progress in mechanical design and property evaluation,functional design and manufacturing mechanics of aircraft composite structures.An outlook for the research directions in aircraft composite structures is provided in the final part.