基于RS和GIS的土地利用/覆被变化及其功能转型特征分析——以新疆叶城县为例

Analysis on the characteristics of land use/cover change and its functional transformation based on RS and GIS:A case study of Yecheng County,Xinjiang

以土地利用遥感影像数据解译的基础及相关遥感技术支持,将土地利用类型分为6大类型的LUCC数据源,通过选取土地利用动态度与土地利用程度指数,结合采用土地利用程度和转移矩阵模型,对新疆喀什地区叶城县近15年的土地利用/覆被变化及其功能演变进行综合分析。研究结果表明:2005—2020年期间叶城县的草地、耕地、水域面积及建设用地整体呈现增长的趋势,分别增加421.21 km^(2)、181.25 km^(2)、120.49 km^(2)、7.37 km^(2),沙地、冰川及永久积雪、林地及其他未利用地面积在不断减少,分别减少320.58 km^(2)、303.92 km^(2)、61.16 km^(2)、43.21 km^(2);土地利用程度方面,在近15年研究区的土地利用程度呈现上涨,表明土地利用正处于发展期,尤其是2010—2015年期间土地利用程度指数与其他时期相比较高;由土地利用转移矩阵可知:研究区主要转入土地类型为耕地、草地、建设用地、水域等,土地面积都呈现一定幅度的增加,而林地、沙地、冰川及永久积雪和其他未利用地的面积都有所减少;在研究期间,土地利用功能类型中生态生产用地增加幅度最大,增加480.92 km^(2),其次是生产生态用地排列第二,为181.02 km^(2),而生态容纳用地呈现减少趋势,减少667.82 km^(2),说明叶城县土地利用功能类型的变化受到人为影响较大。研究结果可为新疆叶城县土地资源的可持续利用,科学管理和生态规划提供依据。

Based on the interpretation of remote sensing image data of land use,and with the support of relevant remote sensing technology,the land use types were divided into six types of LUCC data sources.By selecting land use dynamic degree and land use degree index,and combining land use degree and transfer matrix model,the land use/cover change and its function evolution in Yecheng County,Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang in recent 15 years were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that:from 2005 to 2020,the grassland,cultivated land,water area and construction land in Yecheng county showed an overall growth trend,increasing by 421.21 km^(2),181.25 km^(2),120.49 km^(2)and 7.37 km^(2)respectively,while the sand,glacier,permanent snow,forest land and other unused land areas were decreasing,decreasing by 320.58 km^(2),303.92 km^(2),61.16 km^(2)and 43.21 km^(2)respectively.In terms of land use degree,the land use degree in the study area had shown an upward trend in the past 15 years,indicating that the land use was in a development period,especially during 2010—2015,the land use degree index was higher than that in other periods.From the land use transfer matrix,it could be seen that the main types of transferred land in the study area were cultivated land,grassland,construction land,water area,etc.,and the land area had increased to a certain extent,while the area of forest land,sandy land,glacier,permanent snow and other unused land had decreased.During the study period,among the land use function types,the ecological production land increased the most,with an increase of 480.92 km^(2),followed by the production ecological land,which ranked the second,with an increase of 181.02 km^(2),while the ecological accommodation land showed a decreasing trend,with a decrease of 667.82 km^(2),indicating that the change of land use function types in Yecheng county was greatly affected by human factors.The results can provide basis for sustainable utilization,scientific management and ecological planning of land resources in Yecheng County,Xinjiang.