农用地大环内酯类抗生素与杀菌剂残留污染评价

Pollution assessment of macrolide antibiotics and fungicides residues in agricultural land

土壤中农药与抗生素残留的污染问题引起了人们的广泛关注。研究选取我国华北地区典型农副产品基地,测定土壤中大环内酯类抗生素(macrolide antibiotics,MLs)中的红霉素(erythromycin,ERY)、罗红霉素(roxithromycin,ROX)与农药苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole,DZ)的残留,分析不同种植模式及不同有机肥施用下土壤中抗生素残留差异,并从空间上分析研究区土壤中MLs类抗生素与DZ残留浓度特征,进一步的采用RDA冗余分析来探究土壤中残留DZ及MLs对土壤环境的影响。结果表明其对土壤中的OM、Cu等有一定的影响,这可能与土壤中酶与微生物的生命活动以及与其他药剂混用有关。DZ及MLs风险商(RQ)结果显示研究区土壤MLs类抗生素与DZ残留不具有潜在生态风险,但由土壤重金属综合污染评价得出区内有77.55%的土壤样点污染水平为轻度污染,潜在生态风险指数法预测区内土壤重金属75.50%的土壤样点属于轻微风险,22.45%属于中度风险等级,仅2.05%属于很强风险。本文对研究区土壤农药与抗生素残留特征及影响进行分析讨论,研究认为区内农药与抗生素污染短期内不存在潜在生态风险,但需注意与含金属药剂的混用问题。

The contamination of soil with pesticide and antibiotic residues has caused widespread concern.In this study,the residues of erythromycin(ERY)and roxithromycin(ROX)among macrolide antibiotics(MLs)and Difenoconazole(DZ)in soils of typical agricultural and sideline product bases in North China were determined,and the differences of antibiotic residues in soils under different planting patterns and different organic fertilizer application were analyzed,the characteristics of residual concentrations of MLS antibiotics and DZ in soil were analyzed spatially.RDA redundancy analysis was used to explore the effects of DZ and MLS on soil environment.The results showed that DZ and MLS had certain effects on OM and Cu in soil,which might be related to the life activities of enzymes and microorganisms in soil and the mixed use of other pesticides.The results of DZ and MLS risk quotient(RQ)showed that the residues of MLs and DZ in the soils of the study area were not potentially ecologically risky,but the comprehensive assessment of soil heavy metal pollution showed that 77.55%of the soil samples in the area were lightly contaminated,and the potential ecological risk index method for predicting soil heavy metals in the area indicates that 75.50%of the soil samples were at slight risk,22.45%were at moderate risk level,and only 2.05%were at very strong risk.In this paper,the characteristics and effects of pesticide and antibiotic residues in the soil of the study area were analyzed and discussed.The results showed that there was no potential ecological risk in the short term of pesticide and antibiotic pollution in the area,but it was necessary to pay attention to the problem of mixing with metal containing pesticides.