碳关税建构国际贸易规则新议题探析

Discussion on a new issue of international trade rule on the basis of carbon border tax

伴随气候变化逐步成为全球性政治议题,近年来,西方国家碳关税立法议程显著提速,2021年7月14日,欧盟正式推出碳关税实施细则,俄乌冲突一定程度上推动美、欧在碳关税立法议程上增进勾连互动,西方国家力图掌控全球碳排放权交易市场的定价权。碳关税可能成为首个与气候变化相关的国际贸易规则,西方欲掌控碳定价依据,施压中国碳核算标准体系;牵引碳价格联动,抬升中国碳市场运行成本;构筑碳交易壁垒,削弱中国高碳产业竞争力。中国碳市场建成运行尚不到一年,诸多方面有所不足,在全球碳关税谈判应对方面处于不利地位,建议中国加快筹划碳关税应对预案,加快建立国内碳核算标准体系,加快完善国内碳市场运行机制,加快推动国内高碳产业转型发展。

As climate change has gradually become a global political issue, the legislation of carbon border tax in western developed economies has accelerated significantly in recent years. On July 14, 2021, the EU officially launched the implementation rules of carbon border tax. To some extent, the Russia-Ukraine conflict promoted the interaction between the US and EU on the legislative agenda of carbon border tax, and western countries tried to control the pricing power of the global carbon emission trading market. Carbon border tax may be the first international trade rule related to climate change. The West wants to control the basis for carbon pricing and pressure China’s carbon accounting standard system, drives carbon price linkage,raise the operating cost of China’s carbon market, builds carbon trading barriers, and weakens the competitiveness of China’s high carbon industry. China’s carbon market has been in operation for less than a year, and the trading mechanism, coverage and activity level are inadequate in many aspects, and the construction of carbon accounting methodology and standard system is still lagging behind, which made us in an unfavorable status in negotiations. It is suggested that China should speed up the preparation of carbon border tax response plan, accelerate the establishment of domestic carbon accounting standard system, the improvement of domestic carbon market operation mechanism, and the transformation and development of domestic high-carbon industry.