心理健康与饮食行为、运动愉悦感的关系研究--以高校健身健美运动员为例

Association of Mental Health with Eating Behavior and Exercise Pleasure--Take College Fitness Bodybuilders as an Example

研究目的:探索高校健身健美运动员的心理健康与饮食行为、运动愉悦感之间的关系,为运动员的整体健康促进策略提供依据。研究方法:选取173名高校健身健美运动员(年龄18~26岁)为研究对象,采用一般心理健康问卷(GHQ-12)、三因素饮食行为问卷(TFEQ-R21)、体育活动愉悦感量表(PACES)进行调查。统计分析采用Spearman秩相关、多元线性回归。研究结果:女性在TFEQ-R21总得分,非控制进食、情绪性进食两个维度上得分显著高于男性(P<0.05)。运动员PACES与TFEQ-R21总得分、非控制进食、认知限制进食、情绪性进食得分呈显著正相关(r=0.455,r=0.401,r=0.150,r=0.479,P<0.01)。非控制进食得分对心理健康得分具有正向影响(β=0.125,P<0.05)。运动愉悦感在非控制进食与心理健康间起完全中介作用,中介效应为0.054,中介效应占总效应的43.2%。研究结论:高校健身健美运动员的非控制进食行为可能会损害心理健康,运动愉悦感在其中起中介作用。

Objective To explore the association of mental health with eating behavior and exercise pleasure in university fitness and bodybuilding athletes,and to provide evidence for the future overall health intervention measures.Methods 173 university fitness bodybuilder athletes(aged 18-26)were selected as the research objects.General Mental Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12),Three-factor Diet Questionnaire R21(TFEQ-R21)and physical activity pleasure scale(PACES)were used for the investigation.Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used for the correlation analysis.Results There were significant differences between male and female scores on the TFEQ-R21 total score,non-controlled eating,and emotional eating two dimensions,with females scoring higher than males(P<0.05).Athletes'PACES was significantly and positively correlated with TFEQ-R21 total score,uncontrolled eating,cognitive restricted eating,and emotional eating scores(r=0.455,r=0.401,r=0.150,r=0.479,P<0.01).Uncontrolled Eating Score has a positive effect on Mental Health Score(β=0.161,P<0.05).Exercise pleasure fully mediated the effect between uncontrolled eating and mental health,with a mediating effect of 0.054 and a mediating effect of 43.2%of the total effect.Conclusion Uncontrolled eating behaviour in university fitness bodybuilder athletes may impair mental health,with exercise pleasure playing a mediating role.