血小板衍生生长因子及其受体在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中的表达及意义

Expression and significance of platelet derived growth factors and their receptors in proliferative vitreoretinopathy

增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)是眼外伤和玻璃体视网膜手术的严重并发症,可导致严重的视力减退。血小板衍生生长因子(platelet derived growth factors,PDGF)及其受体(platelet derived growth factors receptor,PDGFR)在一系列生理过程中必不可少,这些过程对于机体正常的发育过程至关重要。但异常表达的PDGF及PDGFR能够激活下游信号通路,调控细胞异常增生、迁移等过程。PDGF是重要的有丝分裂原,眼外伤或孔源性视网膜脱离后血-视网膜屏障被破坏,PDGF从血小板α颗粒释放或由视网膜色素上皮细胞等自分泌,诱导细胞增生,增强细胞的迁移、侵袭、收缩能力,形成增生膜后可能进一步导致牵拉性视网膜脱离。玻璃体内含有PDGF家族以外的生长因子能够间接激活PDGFR足以导致PVR,阻滞PDGFR能够有效抑制PVR。

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)is a serious complication of ocular trauma and vitreoretinal surgery,which can lead to serious visual impairment.Platelet derived growth factors(PDGFs)and their receptors(PDGFRs)are essential for a series of physiological processes,which are very important for the normal development of the body.However,the abnormally expressed PDGFs and PDGFRs can activate the downstream signal pathway and regulate the abnormal proliferation and migration of cells.PDGFs is an important cell mitogen.After ocular trauma or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,the blood-retinal barrier is destroyed.PDGFs are released from plateletsαparticles or autocrine by retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE)to induce cell proliferation and enhance the ability of cell migration,invasion and contraction,which may further lead to tractive retinal detachment after the formation of proliferative membrane.Growth factors outside the PDGFs family in vitreous can indirectly activate PDGFRs,which is enough to cause PVR,and blocking PDGFRs can effectively inhibit PVR.PDGFs and PDGFRs play an important role in the occurrence and development of PVR.