氧化锆种植体材料特性的研究现状

Research progress on the material characteristics of zirconia implants

经过50多年的研究和发展,口腔种植修复在牙列缺损和牙列缺失患者中的应用愈加广泛,种植体的长期稳定性和舒适性得到了医师和患者的一致好评。钛种植体凭借优良的机械性能和良好的生物相容性一直是种植修复的首选。但是,钛种植体引起的宿主免疫反应,磁共振伪影,金属元素释放,美学缺陷和过敏反应等问题,导致非金属种植成为了种植体研究的新方向。随着“无金属修复”观念的普及,患者对种植修复的要求不仅仅停留在功能性修复,美学修复也变得愈发重要,陶瓷材料凭借与天然牙相近的美学性能成为了潜在的种植体材料。其中添加不同稳定剂的氧化锆在具有良好美学性能的同时,克服了陶瓷材料力学性能较差,强度不足,易导电导热,易氧化和金属过敏等问题,氧化锆种植体凭借良好的生物相容性和力学性能成为了金属种植体的潜在替代品。氧化锆种植体的研发为美学要求高的患者提供了新选择。本文就氧化锆种植体的机械性能,表面形态,美学性能,抗菌性能,骨结合以及软组织结合的研究进展进行综述。

After more than 50 years of research and development,oral implant restoration has been widely used in patients with dentition defect and edentulism,and the long-term stability and comfort of implants have been praised by both doctors and patients.Titanium implants have been the cornerstone of implant restoration due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility.However,the host immune response,magnetic resonance artifacts,metal element release,aesthetic defects and allergic reactions caused by titanium implants have become a new direction in implant research.With the popularity of the concept of"metal-free restoration",the requirements for implant restorations are not only limited to functional prostheses,but also become increasingly important for aesthetic restorations.Ceramic materials are potential implant materials due to their aesthetic properties similar to those of natural teeth.Among them,zirconia with different stabilizers has excellent aesthetic properties while overcoming the problems of poor mechanical properties of ceramic materials,lack of strength,susceptibility to electrical and thermal conductivity,oxidation and metal allergy,etc.Zirconia implants have become a potential alternative to metal implants due to their good biocompatibility and mechanical properties.The development of zirconia implants provides a new option for patients with high aesthetic requirements.This paper reviews the progress of research on the mechanical properties,surface morphology,aesthetic properties,antimicrobial properties,osseointegration and soft tissue integration of zirconia implants.