猕猴下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴组织结构学特征观察

Detection of structural characteristics of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in macaques

目的观察猕猴下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴组织结构形态学特征,为模拟人的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的生理功能、病理反应提供参考。方法猕猴安乐死后,完整取出下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺组织,经多聚甲醛(PFA)固定,制作石蜡切片及冰冻切片;HE染色观察基本结构及细胞分布状态;免疫组化法检测分泌的激素及受体;比较冰冻切片和石蜡切片染色的效果,对下丘脑组织的部分细胞组成进行鉴定。结果下丘脑区域呈中空漏斗状,垂体状似豌豆,左右肾上腺位于两侧肝肾之间;HE染色显示下丘脑区域主要分布神经元和小胶质细胞,垂体分神经垂体、腺垂体,肾上腺由皮质和髓质构成;免疫组化检测到下丘脑分泌促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)并表达糖皮质激素受体(GR),垂体分泌促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)并表达促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素受体1(CRHR1)和GR,肾上腺表达促肾上腺皮质激素受体(ACTHR);冰冻切片免疫荧光的结果更好的显示出下丘脑中包含神经元和小胶质细胞。结论本研究成功制作了猕猴下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺组织切片,并观察了其相关解剖学、形态学特征,为模拟人类下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴生理和病理反应提供参考方法。

Objective To observe the histomorphological features of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in macaques to provide a reference for simulating the physiological functions and pathological responses of the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Methods After euthanasia of macaques, hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal tissues were removed intact, fixed by PFA, and paraffin sections and frozen sections were prepared;the basic structure and cellular distribution were observed by HE staining;the secreted hormones and receptors were detected by immunohistochemistry;the effects of staining in frozen and paraffin sections were compared, and the cellular composition of some hypothalamus tissues was identified. Results The hypothalamic region was hollow and funnel-shaped, the pituitary gland resembles a pea, and the right and left adrenal glands were located between the liver and kidneys;HE staining showed that the hypothalamic region was mainly composed of neurons and microglia, the pituitary gland was divided into neuro-pituitary and adeno-pituitary, and the adrenal gland was composed of cortex and medulla;immunohistochemical results showed that the hypothalamus secretes CRH and expresses GR, the pituitary gland secretes ACTH and expresses CRHR1 and GR, and the adrenal gland expresses ACTHR;immunofluorescence of frozen sections better showed that the hypothalamus contains neurons and microglia. Conclusion In this study, sections of hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland tissues from macaques were successfully produced, and the relevant anatomical and morphological features were observed and examined, which provided a reference method for simulating the physiological and pathological responses of the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.