交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚生物合成调控研究进展

Research Progress on the Regulatory of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether Biosynthesis

交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚是由丝状真菌链格孢属产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于谷物、水果和蔬菜中,是食品和饲料生产、加工、运输及储存过程中最普遍和不可避免的污染物。不仅会造成巨大的经济损失,而且威胁人类健康。测定交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚的含量,对保障食品质量安全极其重要。标准物质是保证食品中毒素分析检测数据准确、可靠的基础,对毒素的监测具有重要意义。目前,交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚产量低,国内外均无大量制备,进而导致标准物质缺乏,难以满足应用需求。针对这一现状,提高菌株中毒素的产量成为亟待解决的问题。随着分子生物学的发展,这2种毒素的生物合成途径虽已鉴定,但对毒素生物合成过程的调控机制知之甚少。本文概述了交链孢酚和交链孢酚单甲醚生物合成及其调控机制的研究进展,以期为交链孢霉菌株的改造提供借鉴,进而降低生产成本,储备交链孢毒素,为食品安全及质量控制提供物质基础。

Alternariol(AOH)and alternariol monomethyl ether(AME)were the secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi Alternaria species.AOH and AME were widely found in cereals,fruits and vegetables.They were the most common and unavoidable contaminants during the production,processing,transportation and storage of food and feed.It not only caused huge economic losses,but also threatened human health.Therefore,it was very important to determine the content of AOH and AME to ensure food quality and safety.The standard substance was the basis to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the toxin analysis and detection in food.And it was of great significance to the monitoring of toxin.However,at present,the production of AOH and AME was low.It was impossible to achieve industrial production which resulting in the lack of standard substances.It was also difficult to meet the application requirements.In view of this situation,it was urgent to improve the yield of toxin.With the development of molecular biology,the biosynthesis pathway of these two toxins had been identified,but the regulation mechanism of toxin biosynthesis was poorly understood.This review focused on the research progress of biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of AOH and AME,hoping to provide some reference for increasing the production of AOH and AME.It was important to reserve AOH/AME and provide material basis for food safety and quality control.