种植修复中数字化印模技术及其精度的研究进展

Research progress of digital impression technology and its accuracy in implant restoration

随着光学技术以及计算机图像处理技术的迅速发展,三维数字化扫描技术已趋于成熟。在种植修复中数字化印模是数字化和精准化的完美体现,无论是从传统修复到口腔种植,亦或从正畸治疗到牙周病学的研究,都表明数字化技术在口腔临床中的应用非常广泛。数字化扫描仪可以使临床医师直接获得光学印模,避免了传统印模材料的使用和浪费。相较传统印模而言,数字化印模删繁就简,其高效便捷、精确度高、咬合关系佳、患者舒适性强,从时间、空间和耗材上实现了医疗成本的最优化。但同时也面临着设备昂贵、软组织重现困难、无法获取压力性印模等问题。数字化印模作为数字化牙科治疗获取数据的最前沿,影响着整个治疗的精确性。而制作种植义齿的关键步骤之一是获取精确的印模,其目的是在三维空间中准确地再现种植体的位置以及与口腔内其他软、硬组织的关系。但目前数字化印模的准确性受到医生操作熟练程度、扫描路径的选择、扫描杆的材质及外形、数字化扫描设备、临床扫描环境、种植体的角度、跨度和深度等因素的影响。该文将对种植修复中数字化印模的使用现状、优势及劣势、精度及其影响因素进行阐述。未来进一步提高数字印模的精度和兼容性、普及通用格式、简化临床操作流程将会是数字化印模的发展趋势。

With the rapid development of optical technology and computer image processing technology,three-dimensional digital scanning technology has become mature.Digital impressions are perfect embodiments of digitization and precision in implant restorations,whether from traditional restorations to oral implants,or from orthodontic treatment to periodontal medicine research,all of which show that digital technology is quite widely used in dental clinical practice.Digital scanners allow clinicians to obtain optical impressions directly,avoiding the use and waste of traditional impression materials.Compared with traditional impressions,digital impressions are simplified,efficient and convenient,accurate,good occlusal relationship,and strong patient comfort,realizing the optimization of medical costs in terms of time,space,and consumables.However,it also faces the problems of expensive equipment,difficulty in soft tissue reconstruction,and inability to obtain pressure impressions.Digital impressions,as the forefront of digital dental treatment to obtain data,affect the accuracy of the entire treatment process.One of the key steps in the fabrication of implant dentures is to obtain accurate impressions,aiming to accurately reproduce the position of implants and their relationship with other soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity in three-dimensional space.However,the accuracy of digital impressions is currently affected by factors such as physician operation proficiency,selection of scanning path,material and shape of scanning body,digital scanning equipment,clinical scanning environment,angle,span and depth of implants.In this paper,the present situation,advantages,disadvantages,accuracy and influencing factors of digital impressions in implant restoration will be elaborated.Further improving the accuracy and compatibility of digital impressions,popularizing universal formats,and simplifying clinical operating procedures will be the development trend of digital impressions in the future.