唐宋时期杭州径山寺的法脉传承与寺制变革

Dharma Lineage and Monastical Reform of Jingshan Temple of Hangzhou in Tang and Song

杭州径山寺是佛教研究中的经典案例,关于其法脉传承与寺制变革的讨论最为丰富。在牛头宗弘法中心南移的背景下,国一法钦于径山开山。经过无上鉴宗和法济洪湮两代人的努力,洪州禅系僧人在径山站稳脚跟。至迟在宋熙宁年间,径山寺开始从原“师兄弟相摄”的甲乙制转向十方制,但该阶段处于甲乙制和十方制之间的过渡形态。元祐五年,在苏轼的推动下,维琳出任住持,径山寺真正完成寺制变革。径山早期法脉传承及寺制变革的背后,是不同僧人群体、官方与寺院之间多次关系的调整和权力的博弈。

The present paper attempts to shed light on the relationship adjustment and power game involving different groups by examining the dharma lineage and monastic reform of Hangzhou’s Jingshan Temple. The lineage started from Guoyi Faqin and was stabilized thanks to monks from the Zen school of Hongzhou. The closed inheritance between leading monks of the same master was replaced with an open selection in Xi’ning reign at the latest. In 1090,with the help of Su Shi,the Temple superintended by Weilin accomplished the reform finally.