从同乡到群众:上海浦东同乡会的自我改造与内部因应(1949—1954)

From Fellow Countrymen to the Masses: The Self-Rehabilitation and Reactions within Society for Pudong Natives,1949—1954

新中国初期,在对社会团体改造的过程中,国家并不是唯一的能动主体。社会团体内部同样表现出对国家政策的自主判断,不断调适自身发展方向。在上海解放初期,浦东同乡会便明确站在政府一方,一面努力摆脱资金困境,一面积极配合上海市临时联合救济委员会开展救济工作。新政权将同乡会确定为封建团体,但在解放初期采取团结合作的过渡措施,直至1953年才进入彻底整顿阶段。由于黄炎培的指导,加上职工思想觉悟的提高,浦东同乡会看清形势,积极争取成为改造典型,在1952年底社团改造形势并不十分明朗的情况下,主动向政府申请接管,化私为公,成为上海同乡组织中第一个主动接受改造的团体。

The present paper,taking the Society for Pudong Natives(SPN) as an example,argues that in the course of reforming social groups,state was not the only active player and the groups themselves positively adapted to the national policy. As soon as Shanghai was liberated,SPN unambiguously chose to stand with the new people’s government. Thanks to Huang Yanpei,who provided helpful guidance for SPN,the society set an example to others in reforming itself and accommodating to the new situation.