代谢组学在人兽共患病研究中的应用进展

Advances in the application of metabolomics in the research of zoonotic diseases

人兽共患病是一类可从脊椎动物向人类自然传播的传染性疾病,全球已知有200余种人兽共患病,60%的新发传染病为人兽共患病;每年全球有10亿人兽共患病病例、数以百万人死于人兽共患病。但由于气候变化、国际旅行、城市化、动物迁徙、病原体变异等诸多自然、社会、经济及生物因素的影响,大量新发和再现人兽共患病依然严重威胁人类健康。加强人兽共患病防控的前提是对人兽共患病致病机制的阐释和实现疾病早期诊断。代谢组学是系统生物学的重要分支之一,已被用于人兽共患病研究领域,用于阐明病原体-宿主互作关系、筛选诊断标志物和药物靶标、探索药物作用机制等。本文主要就代谢组学及其主要研究方法以及代谢组学在寄生虫性、病毒学、立克次体性和支原体性人兽共患病研究中的进展作一综述。

Zoonoses are a group of infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans.Currently,there are more than 200 known types of zoonoses across the world,and 60%of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic diseases.Each year,one billion cases are estimated to have zoonotic diseases globally,and millions of deaths occur due to zoonotic diseases.A large number of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases remain a great threat to human health because of natural,social,economic and biological factors,such as climate changes,international travel,urbanization,animal migration and pathogen mutations.Illustrating the pathogenesis of zoonotic diseases and achieving early diagnosis is a premise to intensifying the management of zoonotic diseases.As an important component of system biology,metabolomics has been employed to investigate the pathogen-host interactions,screen diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets and explore the mechanisms of drug actions in zoonotic diseases.This review mainly summarizes the main methods used in metabolomics and the advances of metabolomics applications in parasitic,virological,rickettsial and mycoplasma zoonotic diseases.