轮状病毒感染及其免疫逃逸与疫苗研究进展

Research progress of rotavirus infection, immune escape and relevant vaccine development

轮状病毒感染可使感染者(人或动物)出现严重的腹泻,年龄较小、较大或免疫系统功能障碍的感染者都可能出现严重脱水等症状,严重者可导致死亡。全球每年约20万婴幼儿因轮状病毒感染而死亡,给世界公共卫生事业带来巨大挑战。同时,在农业生产方面,猪、牛、羊等关乎民生的经济动物的幼仔,也会因感染轮状病毒而死亡,对养殖业造成一定的经济损失。本文从轮状病毒的基因组特征、感染与增殖特点、诱导机体的免疫应答以及疫苗现状进行了总结,为开发轮状病毒相关疫苗或治疗药物提供借鉴。

Rotavirus infection can cause severe diarrhea in infected individuals(humans or animals),and young individuals or those who are old or with compromised immune system can develop symptoms such as severe dehydration or even death in severe cases. In the world,approximately 200,000 youngest died from rotavirus infection each year,posing a substantial challenge to the world public health. In addition,cubs of production animal of our interests such as piglet,beef calf,sheep lamb may also die from rotavirus,causing economic losses to the production animal industry to a certain extend. In this review,we summarized the genomic characteristics of rotavirus,characteristics of infection and proliferation,the immune response induced in the organism,and the current state of the vaccine research,providing reference on the development of rotavirus vaccines or therapeutics.