播期和密度对花生濮花36号产量及农艺性状的影响

Effect of Sowing Date and Density on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Peanut Puhua 36

以花生濮花36号为试验材料,通过设计裂区试验,以播期(4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日、6月3日、6月10日)为主区,密度(10 000、11 000、12 000、13 000、14 000穴/667 m)为副区,研究播期和密度对花生农艺性状、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,濮花36号的主茎高呈增大趋势,总分枝数、单株结果数呈先增大后减小趋势;随着密度的增大,除主茎高呈增大趋势外,濮花36号的其他农艺性状均呈减小趋势。不同播期、密度处理间百果重、百仁重、出米率、饱果率存在显著差异,且不同播期处理间单株生产力呈显著差异。播期、密度及二者互作对濮花36号产量的影响达极显著水平,在播期和密度的互作下,濮花36号的产量在B3M3处理下达到最大值,但与B3M4、B4M2、B5M3处理间差异不显著。说明濮花36号的最佳播期为5月15日左右,配套的最佳种植密度为12 000穴/667 m^(2)。当播期受到外界影响被推迟时,为减少产量损失,应采用对应的配套密度进行种植。

Puhua 36 was taken as experimental material to study the effect of sowing date and density on peanut agronomic characters, yield and yield components, a split plot experiment was designed with sowing dates(April 25, May 5, May 15, May 25, June 3 and June 10) as the main area and density(10 000, 11 000, 12 000, 13 000 and 14 000 holes/667 m~2) as the sub area. The results showed that after delay of sowing date, the main stem height of Puhua 36 increased, the number of total branches and the number of fruit per plant increased first and then decreased;With the increase of density, agronomic characters except for the main stem height of Puhua 36 showed a decreasing trend. Weight per 100 fruit, weight per 100 kernel, rice yield, full fruit rate were significantly different among different density treatments. The effects of sowing date, density and their interaction had significant effect on the yield of Puhua 36. Under the interaction of sowing date and density, the yield of Puhua 36 reached the maximum under B3 M3 treatment, but there was no significant difference under B3 M4, B4 M2 and B5 M3 treatments. In conclusion, the best sowing date of Puhua 36 is around May 15, and the best planting density is 12 000 holes per 667 m^(2). When the sowing date is delayed by external influence, the supporting density should be adopted to reduce yield loss.