论三种自由

On the Three Freedoms

政治自由、道德自由、人的发展自由是三种最重要和根本的自由。政治自由是一种外在的自由、行动的自由。政治解放完成之后,政治自由得以实现,道德自由与人的发展自由的意义就凸显了出来。与政治自由不同,道德自由是内在自由、精神的自由。马克思在《德意志意识形态》中提出了基于唯物史观的新自由观,即人的发展自由。人的发展自由是潜在自由,它指向人的潜能的自由发展,最终会超越政治自由与道德自由。

Political freedom,moral freedom,and freedom of human development are the three most important and fundamental freedoms.Political freedom is an external freedom,a freedom of action.After political emancipation is completed and political freedom is realized,the significance of moral freedom and freedom of human development comes to the fore.Unlike political freedom,moral freedom is an inner freedom,a freedom of the spirit.In The German Ideology,Marx proposed a new view of freedom based on the materialist view of history,namely the freedom of human development.The freedom of human development is a potential freedom,which points to the free development of human potential and will eventually transcend political freedom and moral freedom.