中国成人经膳食摄入铅的风险评估

Risk assessment of lead via dietary intake in Chinese adults

目的评估中国成人经膳食途径摄入铅的健康风险。方法从各类文献数据库中系统搜集2012-2021年中国各个省份的膳食铅含量数据,结合2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,采用点评估及概率评估法计算中国成人居民经膳食摄入铅的暴露水平,并结合暴露限值(margin of exposure,MOE)和目标危害指数法(target hazard quotient,THQ)对潜在的健康风险进行评估。结果本研究共纳入了24篇文献,共收集了19个省的31008份样本数据。铅浓度排名前3的食物为食用菌类(0.13 mg/kg)、蛋类(0.11 mg/kg)、鱼虾蟹贝类(0.08 mg/kg);中国成人膳食铅的70%以上是来源于谷物及其制品(0.39μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、蔬菜类(0.22μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、畜禽肉类(0.08μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1));18~<60岁和≥60岁人群平均铅暴露量分别为1.07μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)和1.02μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),各年龄性别组的平均膳食铅暴露均有MOE>1,P_(95)均有MOE<1,各年龄性别组的膳食铅的平均暴露量和P_(95)的THQ均<1。结论中国成人膳食铅的暴露风险总体较低,但部分高暴露人群仍面临一定的健康风险,需要继续监测和控制膳食铅暴露的危害。

Objective To evaluate the health risk of lead via dietary intake among Chinese adults.Methods The data of dietary lead concentration from different provinces in China collected systematically from literature,combined with the nutrition and health monitoring data of Chinese adults in 2012,were used to evaluate the risk of dietary lead exposure of the adult population in China by point assessment and probability assessment.The margin of exposure(MOE)and target hazard quotient(THQ)were used to estimate dietary lead exposure’s health risk.Results A total of 24 studies were included in this study,and 31008 sample data were collected from 19 provinces.The top three food lead concentrations were edible mushroom(0.13 mg/kg),eggs(0.11 mg/kg),seafood and aquatic products(0.08 mg/kg).More than 70%of the dietary lead of adults in China came from cereal products(0.39μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),vegetables(0.22μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),meat(0.08μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)).The mean of dietary lead exposure was respectively 1.07μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) and 1.02μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) for 18-<60 years old and≥60 years old.The MOE values of mean lead exposure for all age and sex groups were greater than 1,but the MOE values of P_(95) were less than 1.The THQ values were less than 1 for all age and sex groups at the mean and P_(95) levels.Conclusion The risk of dietary lead exposure for adults in China is relatively low,but some people with high exposure should be further monitored and controlled.