建筑用海砂资源开发利用适宜性评价初探:以琼州海峡东口为例

Suitability evaluation of the exploitation and utilization of marine sand resources for construction:Taking the east exit of Qiongzhou Strait as an example

经济的快速发展,对砂石料的需求巨大,海砂的开发成为当前的热点。琼州海峡东口海砂资源丰富,资源潜力概算可达数十亿方。依据前期调查数据,选取含泥量、含砂量、粒级、海砂厚度、水深和离岸距离6类指标,采用层次分析法,构造判断矩阵计算评价因子的权重,运用ArcGIS空间分析功能进行叠加,对琼州海峡东口的海砂进行了开发适宜性评价。结果表明:经计算将研究区分为开发适宜性好、较好、中等、较差、差5个等级,其中浅滩区域海砂规模大、质量好、水深浅和开采环境影响小,其开发适宜性最佳。分析了不同的指标对海砂开发适宜性的影响,在浅滩区,厚度和含砂量指标贡献较大;在近岸海湾,环境影响是主要因子;在琼州海峡深槽区,水深条件则成为海砂开发的主要限制条件。根据海砂资源的特点,建立了以资源自然属性、开发技术条件、生态环境影响和行政管理为主要因子的海砂开发利用适宜性评价体系,具体工作可选取不同的指标开展评价。研究结果可以为研究区海砂的开发利用和其他区域海砂开发适宜性评价提供参考。

With the rapid development of economy,there is a huge demand for sand and gravel,and the development of marine sand has become a current hot spot.The east exit of Qiongzhou Strait is rich in marine sand resources,and its resource potential is in the billions of square meters.This paper evaluates the suitability of exploitation and utilization of marine sand in the east exit of Qiongzhou Strait.Six indicators of mud content,sand content,grain size,sea sand thickness,water depth and offshore distance are considered.The collected data are analyzed using analytic hierarchy process,where in the weights of considered indicators are calculated and superimposed based on constructed judgment matrix and ArcGIS spatial analysis.Furthermore,the study area are divided into five grades of exploitation suitability.It is found that the marine sand in the shoal area has the best exploitation suitability because of its large scale,good quality,shallow water depth and little influence on mining environment.In addition,this paper analyses the influence of different indicators on the suitability of marine sand exploitation.In the shoal area,the thickness and sand content contribute greatly.In near shore bay,environmental impact is the main factor.In the deep trough area,the water depth becomes the main restrictive condition for marine sand exploitation.Finally,this paper establishes a marine sand exploitation and utilization suitability evaluation system based on key factors of natural property of resources,technical conditions of exploitation,ecological environment impact and administrative management.