藏族药“热衮巴”的名称与基原整理

Names and Origins of Tibetan Medicine"Regunba"

“热衮巴”为常用藏族药(以下简称藏药)之一。通过文献整理对其进行植物分类学鉴定,结合资源分布、市场流通及临床使用现状调查进行分析。结果表明,早期文献记载的“热衮”未划分品种,自《晶珠本草》始分为上品(“热衮”)、下品(“孜加”);现代文献记载作为“热衮巴”的基原涉及罂粟科(紫堇属)、报春花科、蔷薇科、龙胆科、柳叶菜科5科7属23种植物;但不同文献及标准中的记载和各地习用的“热衮巴”品种及其基原不尽相同;市场流通的品种中,上品主要为尼泊尔黄堇Corydalishendersonii Hemsl.等紫堇属植物,下品主要为蔷薇科植物无尾果Colurialongifola Maxim.。结合古籍文献记载的生境、形态及附图分析,“热衮巴”或其上品应以罂粟科植物尼泊尔黄堇为正品,宜以“日官孜玛”为正名;其下品可能为黄花紫堇Corydalisboweri Hemsl.(金球黄堇)、扁柄黄堇Corydalismucronifera Maxim.,宜以“热衮曼巴”为正名,但有待研究确证;其他科属植物不宜作“热衮巴”使用;各地习用的“热衮巴”类其他基原植物有一定临床应用基础,应加强其资源与使用现状调查、不同资源物种的药效物质基础及生物活性等的比较研究,作为新药材规范其品种、名称、基原,以合理利用其资源。

"Regunba"is one of the commonly used Tibetan medicines.Through literature research,it was classified according to the original plants,and the resource distribution,market circulation,and clinical application were analyzed.The results showed it was recorded as"Regun"in the early stage without specific classification.Then,it was classified into top grade("Regun")and low grade("Zijia")in Crystal Beads Materia Medica.In modern literature,it was recorded as"Regunba"and the original plants involved 23 species in 7 genera in Papaveraceae(Corydalis),Primulaceae,Rosaceae,Gentianaceae,and Onagraceae.However,the"Regunba"and the origins in different documents and standards are different and the medicinal material commonly used in different areas are not the same.In the market,the top-grade product is derived from Corydalis such as Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl.,and the low-grade medicinal material is prepared from Coluria longifolia Maxim.(Rosaceae).According to the habitats,morphology,and pictures recorded in ancient documents,authentic top-grade"Regunba"should be derived from Corydalis hendersonii with the formal name of"Riguanzima",while the low-grade medicinal material should be derived from Corydalis boweri Hemsl.and Corydalis mucronifera Maxim.with the formal name of"Regunmanba".Nevertheless,this conclusion is open to be confirmed,and other plants-derived medicinal material should not be treated as"Regunba".For the medicinal material with the name of"Regunba"which is derived from other plants and have been applied in clinical settings,the resources and uses should be investigated and the pharmacodynamic material basis and biological activities should be compared in an attempt to standardize the types,names,and origins for rational use.