外科急腹症术前观察与术后护理研究进展

Research Progress of Preoperative Observation and Postoperative Nursing of Surgical Acute Abdomen

外科急腹症所涉及内容较多,病情复杂,诊断手段复杂多样,只有深刻的细致观察和处理,才能降低漏诊率、误诊率、死亡率。现对急腹症的观察要点(基本生命体征、疼痛、伴随症状及特殊体征、病史、辅助检查)、术后护理(患者体位、生命体征的观察、维持呼吸功能、重建正常饮食和排便形态、控制疼痛、引流管护理、心理护理)及术后并发症进行综述。

Surgical acute abdomen involves many contents,complicated conditions and complicated diagnostic methods.Only through deep and careful observation and treatment can we reduce the missed diagnosis rate,misdiagnosis rate and mortality rate.This article reviews the main points of acute abdomen observation (basic vital signs,pain,accompanying symptoms and special signs,medical history,auxiliary examination),postoperative nursing (patient position,observation of vital signs,maintenance of respiratory function,reconstruction of normal diet and defecation morphology,pain control,drainage tube nursing,psychological nursing),and postoperative complications.