隐性听力损失病因及致病机制研究进展

Research progress on etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of hidden hearing loss

隐性听力损失(Hidden Hearing Loss,HHL)是一种新的听觉障碍概念,于2015年由Liberman阐明[1],患者表现为纯音测听结果阈值正常,在处理复杂言语信息及时域编码功能方面的能力缺失,尤其是在嘈杂环境中更加明显,即表现为噪声环境下言语识别率下降。噪声暴露、老化、耳毒性药物和周围神经病变是已经较为明确的HHL致病危险因素。

Hidden hearing loss(HHL) has been proposed to affect auditory neural processing and hearing acuity,which is manifested as a normal pure tone audiometry with decline of speech recognition and spatial positioning ability in noisy environment.Most of the current research on pathogenic mechanisms of HHL has derived from animal models.Predisposing factors for HHL are still unclear.It is generally considered that exposure to noise,age,peripheral neuropathy and use of ototoxic drug are high risk factors.The pathogenesis is mainly related to cochlear band synaptic disease,demyelination and hair cell dysfunction.