病毒载体介导的基因治疗在2型糖尿病中的研究进展

Research progress of virus-mediated gene therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitu

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是遗传和生活方式因素共同作用的结果,其患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。目前临床上治疗T2DM的药物存在很多弊端,因此迫切需要一种新的治疗方法用于改善。近年来,基因疗法在动物水平被证明可以逆转T2DM相关的胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)等症状且没有发现明显的低血糖等副作用。所以,基因治疗可能是未来T2DM治疗发展的主要方向。本文总结了成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)、胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide 1,GLP-1)、过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)、胰岛素等T2DM相关基因在机体糖脂代谢和T2DM发生发展中的作用,汇总了多种病毒载体在基因治疗T2DM中的应用情况,讨论了T2DM中基因治疗方法的意义及存在的问题,并且展望了未来基因治疗T2DM可能的发展方向。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors,and the prevalence of T2 DM is increasing worldwide.At present,there are many drawbacks in the clinical treatment of T2 DM,so there is an urgent need for a new treatment method for improvement.In recent years,gene therapy has been proved to reverse T2 DM related symptoms such as insulin resistance at the animal level,and no obvious side effects such as hypoglycemia have been found.Therefore,gene therapy may be the main development direction of T2 DM therapy in the future.This article reviews the role of fibroblast growth factor related genes such as fibroblast growth factor 21,glucagon like peptide-1,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and insulin in glucose and lipid metabolism and the development of T2 DM,and summarized the application of various viral vectors in gene therapy of T2 DM.The significance and existing problems of gene therapy in T2 DM are discussed,and the possible development direction of gene therapy T2 DM in the future is prospected.