企业参与职业教育办学的政府注意力演化——基于1978—2021年国家产教融合政策的文本分析

Government Attention Evolution of Enterprises Participating in Vocational Education——Quantitative Analysis Based on Relevant National Policies Texts Of Industry and Education Integration from

企业参与职业教育办学是微观市场主体参与技术技能人才培养、构建技能型社会的重要实现方式。文章以1978—2021年国家宏观层面职业教育产教融合有关政策为研究样本,基于大历史观分析政府推进企业参与职业教育办学注意力演化过程。研究表明,改革开放以来,尤其是新世纪以来,我国政府推进企业参与职业教育办学注意力总体不断攀升,结构指向由指令性规划主导向统筹地方政府、行业、企业、学校等利益相关者协同推进转变;维度指向以实践培训为主线的单一维度向多维度并存转变;各历史阶段的语义网络呈现较为明显的异质性,2013年以来“学生”“培养”“发展”与“合作”为核心语义关联,共建共享共管、协同育人、开放多元的体制机制突破成为关注焦点和问题趋势。可以看出,政府推进企业参与职业教育办学的历史进程,就是通过市场化取向改革,解决主体激励和优化资源配置,拓展学习类型结构,增强职业教育与其产品顾客需求适应性的过程。在新发展格局战略背景下,未来政府推进企业参与职业教育办学需以激活人力资本市场、要素和主体为内核,确定与控制市场化效能边际为外延,系统性创新企业参与职业教育办学的制度供给逻辑。

Enterprises'participation in vocational education is an important way for micro market subjects to participate in the training of technical and skilled talents and build a skilled society.Taking the relevant national policy texts of industry and vocational education integration from 1978 to 2021 as samples,this research analyzes the evolution process of government attention on promoting enterprises to participate in vocational education from the perspective of historical views.It shows a generally growing trend of this attention,especially in the 21st century,accompanied by its structure changing from intervention-oriented to the coordination of stakeholders,single-dimension of practical training to multiple-dimension of coexistence.Semantic networks of enterprises participating in vocational education at various historical stages show obvious heterogeneity:"students","training","development"and"cooperation"have been the core semantic associations since 2013,research highlights point to co-construction,sharing,and co-governance,collaborative education,innovative institutional mechanisms.The historical process for the government to promote the participation of enterprises in vocational education is to solve the main incentive and optimize the allocation of resources,expand the structure of learning types,and enhance the adaptability of vocational education to the needs of its products and customers through market-oriented reform.Under the strategic background of the new development pattern,the government should take activating the human capital market,elements,and subjects as the core,determining and controlling the market-oriented efficiency margin as the extension,and systematically innovate the system supply logic of enterprises'participation in vocational education to promote enterprises'participation in vocational education.