不同挂果量对阳光玫瑰葡萄延迟采收期间果实品质的影响

Effect of Different Yield Load on Quality Development during Delayed Harvest of Shine Muscat Grape

为了确定阳光玫瑰葡萄延迟采收的合适挂果量和采收期,以9年生阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为试验材料,设置每2个(F1)、3个(F2)、4个(F3)、5个(F4)新梢留1串果穗的4个处理,以1个新梢留1串果穗为对照(CK),比较各处理在延迟采收过程中的果实品质及落叶后的枝条营养储藏情况。结果表明,随着挂树时间的延长,果实软果率和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,单粒质量、硬度和可滴定酸含量逐渐减小,可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比先增加后减小。随着挂果量的减少,果实软果率和枝条可溶性糖含量逐渐降低,单粒质量和果实硬度下降速度减慢,枝干全氮、全磷、全钾和淀粉含量逐渐增加。在果实成熟后63 d,所有处理的软果率达到50%左右。CK、F1、F2、F3、F4的果实单粒质量比成熟期显著降低的时间分别为果实成熟后42、42、49、63、70 d。F2的果实可溶性糖含量始终最高,在果实成熟后77 d达到22.06%。综合果实品质和枝条营养积累情况,为了获得较好的经济效益,建议黄河故道地区避雨栽培条件下阳光玫瑰葡萄挂树保鲜的适宜采收期为果实成熟后45 d左右(10月中旬),留果量为每3个新梢留1串果穗,即6.25~7.50 t/hm^(2)。

To determine the proper yield load and harvest time for delayed harvest of Shine Muscat grape,9⁃year⁃old Shine Muscat grapevines were used as experimental materials.The yield loads of four treatments were one cluster per two(F1),three(F2),four(F3),and five(F4)shoots,respectively,and yield load of one cluster per shoot was the control(CK).The fruit quality during the delayed harvest and the nutrient storage of branches after defoliation were compared.Results showed that the berry softening rate and soluble sugar content increased gradually,the berry weight,hardness and titratable acid(TA)content decreased gradually,and the total soluble solid(TSS)content and ratio of TSS and TA increased first and then decreased during the delayed harvest time.The berry softening rate and the soluble sugar content of branches decreased gradually,the decline rates of berry weight and hardness slowed down,and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and starch in branches increased gradually with the yield load level decreasing.The berry softening rate of all treatments reached about 50%at 63 days after fruit ripening.At 42 days,42 days,49 days,63 days and 70 days after fruit ripening,the berry weight of CK,F1,F2,F3 and F4 decreased significantly compaired with that at ripening.The fruit soluble sugar content of F2 was always the highest,which reached 22.06%at 77 days after fruit ripening.In order to obtain better economic benefit,it is suggested that the suitable harvest time is about 45 days after fruit ripening(mid⁃October)for Shine Muscat under the condition of rain⁃shelter cultivation in the old flooded area of Yellow River,and the yield load is from 6.25 t/ha to 7.50 t/ha,that is one cluster per three shoots based on the fruit quality and nutrient accumulation of branches.