黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛滨海湿地沉积物细菌群落结构多样性特征

Sediment Bacterial Community Structure Diversity from Coastal Wetland of Shell Ridge Island in Yellow River Delta

为研究黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛滨海湿地沉积物微生物遗传多样性水平和群落结构特征,应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)技术检测该区域不同样线沉积物的细菌群落结构,对所得DGGE指纹图谱进行样品相似性聚类分析和环境因素主成分分析;对DGGE回收条带进行克隆测序和BLAST系统发育分析,并分类、鉴别优势微生物.结果显示:贝壳堤岛滨海湿地单个样线上,低潮带样品的多样性指数(H′)相对较高;同一样线沉积物的微生物群落结构相似性较高,倾向聚类在一起;优势微生物多数属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、鞘脂杆菌门(Sphingobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和海杆菌属(Marinobacter)等与解磷、降解纤维素、光合产能或石油烃类降解相关的菌类,也有一定的病原菌分布,绝大部分能够鉴别到属,且属于未培养微生物.

In order to study the microbial genetic diversity and community structural characteristics in the sediments of coastal wetland of shell ridge island in Yellow River Delta,the bacterial community structure of sediment samples from different profiles were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that the diversity index(H′)of low-tide sediment samples was relatively higher than others from same profile.Both similarity cluster analysis of samples and principal component analysis of environmental factors found that the sediment microbial community structure of the same profile had a higher similarity,and tended to cluster together earlier.Clonal sequencing and BLAST phylogenetic analysis were carried out for the recovered bands of DGGE,and the dominant microbes were classified and identified.The results showed that most of the bacteria were from Proteobacteria,Sphingobacteria,Chloroflexi and Marinobacter,which were related to dephosphorization,cellulose degradation,photosynthetic capacity or petroleum hydrocarbon degradation;There was also a certain distribution of pathogenic bacteria,most of these microbes can be identified to genera and were uncultured microbes.