热驱动热声制冷技术发展现状与展望

Heat-driven Thermoacoustic Cooling Technology:A Review and Perspective

热驱动热声制冷技术利用热声发动机输出的高强度声波驱动热声制冷机实现制冷,即实现热—声—冷能源转换,是一种环境友好、近零电耗且热源适应性好的新型绿色制冷技术。热驱动热声制冷系统工作温跨大,可实现室温至液氦温区不同制冷需求,在多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文以热驱动热声制冷技术近三十年来的发展为基础,介绍了热驱动热声制冷原理和分类,从热驱动室温热声制冷机和热驱动低温热声制冷机两个方面综述了研究现状和发展方向,对该技术在室温制冷、余热/冷回收、天然气液化和低温制冷等方面的应用及相关研究进行了归纳分析,并指出未来的研究需要在热声新流程、谐振机构、高效热声转换、低品位能源利用、工程样机实用化等方面实现协同突破,形成效率高、功率大、起振温度低、可实现极低温、稳定可靠的热驱动热声制冷技术,从而推动新型绿色制冷技术的科学发展与应用。

Heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling technology utilizes the acoustic power generated by a thermoacoustic engine to drive a thermoacoustic cooler to realize thermal-acoustic-cooling energy conversion.It is a new type of green cooling technology that is environmentally friendly,features near-zero power consumption,and demonstrates adaptability to various heat sources.A heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling system features a wide working temperature range,i.e.,from room temperature to liquid helium temperature,and is thus a promising system for a wide range of applications.Based on the development of heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling technology over the past three decades,this paper first introduces its principle and classification.Subsequently,a review of its development based on room-temperature thermoacoustic refrigerators and cryogenic-temperature thermoacoustic cryocoolers is provided.Additionally,the application and relevant studies concerning heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling technology in room-temperature refrigeration,waste heat/cold recovery,natural gas liquefaction,and cryogenic cooling are summarized and analyzed.Synergistic breakthroughs in novel thermal-acoustic-cooling processes,robust resonance mechanisms,efficient thermoacoustic conversions,low-grade energy utilizations,and practical engineering prototypes must be achieved to realize a reliable heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling technology that features high-efficiency,high-power,low onset temperature,low achievable temperature,and to promote the development and application of new green cooling technologies.