盐胁迫对水稻生长发育的影响及外源物质对其调节作用的研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Development in Rice and Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Substances

减轻土壤盐害对农业生产的不利影响是当前农业科研人员面临的一项重大挑战。外源物质可以通过增强光合作用、提高渗透调节作用、提高抗氧化酶活性以及调节离子运输、减少离子毒害方式减轻盐害。本文总结了盐胁迫对水稻种子萌发、植株生长及叶片发育的影响,盐胁迫导致水稻生长过程中的Na+/K+变化、气孔导度降低、光合速率降低、活性氧含量增加等生理变化,以及盐胁迫对水稻生物量和产量的影响。探讨了激素、有机渗透调节物、气体信号类和离子类外援物质对盐胁迫下水稻生长的调节作用,并对今后水稻盐胁迫缓解方法进行了展望。

Soil salinization has adverse effects on agricultural productivity.It is a major challenge for agricultural researchers to reduce the adverse effects of salt damage.Exogenous substances can reduce salt damage by enhancing photosynthesis,improving osmotic regulation,increasing antioxidant enzyme activity,regulating ion transport and decreasing ion toxicity.In this paper,we summarized the effects of seed germination,plant growth and leaf development in rice under salt stress,which led to physiological changes such as Na+/K+changed,stomatal conductance depression,photosynthetic rate reduction and content of reactive oxygen species elevation and effects of biomass and yield.We explored the regulatory effects of hormones,organic osmotic regulators,gas signaling and ion-based exogenous substances on growth under salt stress in rice and prospected mitigation methods of rice under salt stress in the future.