寒地高产水稻新品种龙稻132的选育及分蘖期耐盐碱性研究

Breeding of A New High-yield Rice Variety Longdao 132 and Its Saline-Alkali Tolerance Research at Tillering Stage in Cold Region

种植水稻是对盐碱地改良、利用的有效途径。本文简要介绍了龙稻132的亲本来源、选育过程、主要特征特性及盐碱胁迫下分蘖期的农艺性状。龙稻132是黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所水稻研究室以吉特611为母本、龙稻10号为父本进行杂交,经集团和系谱选择育成,具有较好的产量潜力且食味品质优良。2019-2020年区域试验产量分别为8365.5和8534.1kg·hm^(-2),2020年生产试验产量为8397.5kg·hm^(-2),区域试验和生产试验平均比对照品种(松粳9号)增产8.4%,食味评分达到了82分,较强的分蘖能力是其高产的主要原因。龙稻132在苏打盐碱地的适应性研究发现,与正常田块相比,其分蘖能力在苏打盐碱地受到明显抑制,仅为同期正常田块的63%,干物质积累量下降,地下、地上部干重仅为对照品种的44%、45%,SPAD值与对照品种相当。因此,需要加强水稻品种在盐碱地的分蘖及干物质积累能力的研究,以便提升盐碱地水稻产量。

Planting rice is an effective way to improve and utilize saline alkali land.This paper briefly introduced the parental source,breeding process,main characteristics and agronomic characters of Longdao 132 at tillering stage under salt alkali stress.Longdao 132 is a conventional japonica rice variety with good quality and stable yield,bred by Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Longdao 132 has been obtained from the crossing between"Longdao 10"(male)and"Jite 611"(female).From 2019 to 2020,the regional test yield was 8365.5kg·ha^(-1) and 8534.1kg·ha^(-1) respectively,and the production test yield in 2020 was 8397.5kg·ha^(-1).The regional test and production test yield increased by 8.4%compared with the control variety("Songgeng 9"),taste score was 82.Strong tillering ability is the main reason for its high yield.The adaptability of Longdao 132 to saline-alkali soil was not clear.The study found that tillering ability of Longdao 132 was significantly inhibited in saline-alkali soil compared with that of normal soil,which was only 63%of that of normal soil in the same period.The dry matter accumulation of Longdao 132 was decreased,and the dry weight of underground and overground was only 44%and 45%of that of the control,and the SPAD value was similar to that of the control.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the tillering and dry matter accumulation ability of rice varieties in saline alkali soil to improve the rice yield in saline alkali soil.