秸秆还田下基肥减氮对玉米产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen in Base Fertilizer on Maize Yieldand Nitrogen Partial Productivity Under Straw Returning

为解决黑龙江省玉米生产中氮肥运筹管理不科学、氮肥利用率低且污染生态环境的问题,在秸秆深翻还田地块开展基肥减量条件下缓控释肥配施试验,研究不同施肥处理对玉米产量、氮素积累、氮素转运和氮肥偏生产力的影响.结果表明,和常规施肥相比,在基肥减少氮肥的施入量,氮肥追施时期和追施量相同的情况下,缓控释尿素配施有利于提高玉米单株和群体氮素积累量、营养器官氮素转运量、转运效率及氮素转运对籽粒贡献率,最终提高产量和氮肥偏生产力.基肥施氮肥量11.3kghm^(-2),追施树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素配比为30%∶70%条件下,可节约16%的氮施用量,玉米产量提高5.20%,氮肥偏生产力提高22.88%,是较为理想的施肥方式.

In order to solve the problems of unscientific nitrogen management,low nitrogen use efficiency and pollution of ecological environment in maize production in Heilongjiang Province,the combined application experiment of slow and controlled-release fertilizer under the reduction of base fertilizer was carried out in the plot with straw returning to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on maize yield,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen transport and nitrogen partial productivity.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,under the condition that the base fertilizer reduced the amount of nitrogen application,and the topdressing period and topdressing amount of nitrogen were the same,the combined application of slow and controlled-release urea was beneficial to improve the nitrogen accumulation of per plant and population,the nitrogen transport capacity and efficiency of vegetative organs,the contribution rate of nitrogen transport to grain,and finally improve the yield and nitrogen partial productivity.Under the condition of applying 11.3 kg·ha^(-1) nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer and 30%:70%ratio of resin coated urea to ordinary urea,the amount of nitrogen application could be saved by 16%,the maize yield could be increased by 5.20%,and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer could be increased by 22.88%.