化肥减量配施生物菌肥和黄腐酸钾对番茄生长及肥料利用率的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Biofertilizer and Fulvic Acid Potassium on Tomato Growth and Fertilizer Utilization Rate

为了促进番茄产业的绿色健康可持续发展,在设施栽培条件下,以番茄品种园艺504为材料,设计常规施肥、基肥减40%、追肥减20%、追肥减40%和不施用任何肥料5个处理,研究减施化肥配施生物菌肥和黄腐酸钾对番茄生长发育和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,番茄株高随着施肥量的减少而降低。与CK相比,基肥减施40%处理对番茄茎粗影响不大。叶节数和果穗数表现为CK、基肥减40%和追肥减20%处理间差异不显著。化肥减施提高了番茄肥料利用率,肥料农学利用率以基肥减40%最高,与追肥减20%差异不显著。肥料偏生产力以基肥减40%最高,分别比CK、追肥减20%、追肥减40%处理高20.70%、10.38%和19.70%。产量以CK处理最高,但与基肥减40%和追肥减20%处理差异不显著。综上所述,在适当增施生物菌肥和黄腐酸钾的条件下,减少基施化肥40%或者减少追肥20%对设施番茄生长发育和产量影响不大。

In order to promote the green and healthy and sustainable development of tomato industry,Horticultural 504variety of tomato was used as the material under the condition of facility cultivation.Five treatments were designed,including conventional fertilization(CK),basal fertilizer reduction by 40%,top dressing reduction by 20%,top dressing reduction by 40%,and no fertilizer application.The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biofertilizer and fulvic acid potassium on the tomato growth and fertilizer utilization were studied.The results showed that tomato plant height decreased with the decrease of fertilization basal fertilizer reduction by 40%treatment had little effect on tomato stem diameter.There was no significant difference in the number of leaf nodes and fruit ears between CK,basal fertilizer reduction by 40%and top dressing reduction by 20%treatments.The fertilizer use efficiency of tomato was improved by reducing fertilizer application.The fertilizer use efficiency of basal fertilizer reduction by 40%treatment was the highest,which was not significantly different from that of top dressing reduction by 20%treatment.The partial productivity of basal fertilizer reduction by 40%treatment was the highest,which was higher than that of CK,topdressing reduction by 20%and topdressing reduction by 40%treatments by 20.70%,10.38%and 19.70%,respectively.The yield of CK treatment was higher,but there was no significant difference compared with the basal fertilizer reduction by 40%and topdressing fertilizer reduction by 20%treatments.To sum up,basal fertilizer reduction by40%or topdressing fertilizer reduction by 20%treatment had little effect on the growth and yield of facility tomato under the condition ofappropriate application of biofertilizer and fulvic acid.