摘要
BACKGROUND Smoking and chewing tobacco are associated with numerous oral mucosal lesions and conditions,often leading to cancer progression.AIM To investigate the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions among the Indian population.METHODS Systematic search was conducted for population or community-based observational epidemiological studies in PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,IndMED,Google Scholar,reports of the WHO South-East Asia Region,MOHFW India reports,Science Citation Index,WHO Index Medicus of the South-East Asian Region,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/)and Open Grey from the earliest available up to 31st January 2022.The effect size was calculated for the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions.RESULTS One hundred sixty-two estimates from 130 studies yielded 52 high,71 moderate,and seven low-quality studies from 823845.Point estimate based on crosssectional studies for leukoplakia was 4.3%(95%CI:4.0-4.6),oral submucous fibrosis was 2.7%(95%CI:2.5-3.0),palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatine were 5.8%(95%CI:4.4-7.2),and Erythroplakia was 1.2%(95%CI:0.7-1.7),and lichen planus was 1.1%(95%CI:0.9-1.2).Amongst hospital-based studies,the pooled prevalence for Leukoplakia was 6.7%(95%CI:6.0-7.3),oral submucous fibrosis was 4.5%(95%CI:4.2-4.9),lichen planus was 7.5%(95%CI:5.3-9.6),and erythroplakia was 2.5%(95%CI:0.4-4.5),and palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatini were 11.5%(95%CI:8.0-15.0).CONCLUSION Precancerous lesions and conditions are prevailing problems among the Indian population.It is mainly due to tobacco use,the smokeless form of tobacco.The meta-analysis indicates that hospital-based studies have a higher effect size of 6.7%than community-based studies.Patients who have already developed this condition may be advised to reduce their exposure to the risk factor to prevent the condition from progressing further.
